How Artistic Representation Can Inform Current Debates About Chimeras.

Researchers have increasingly been creating chimeras - combinations of cells from two species - raising profound ethical, social and scientific controversies. Such research could lead to the creation of animals such as pigs that contain human organs for transplantation, yet public fears have emerged. Scientists have thus called for enhanced public education and discussion, but these efforts require comprehension of the nature of public concerns. While arguments have viewed chimeras as either "good" or "bad," artists have long depicted chimeras in ways that can inform these discussions. Chimeras have a long history - the term itself is from Greek mythology - and have generated complex and ambivalent responses, reflecting deep questions regarding who we are as humans. Images across disparate cultures (such as Sphinxes and minotaurs) suggest how humans have long seen species boundaries as fluid but in differing ways. These images suggest that emotional, not just rational, utilitarian perspectives need to be addressed and that challenges may arise in altering views of all individuals. Nonetheless, public messages could draw on historic examples of positive such combinations. Thus, artistic representations can aid scientists, policymakers, educators and members of the public-at-large recognize and better comprehend and address the discomforts chimeras can foster.