ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021
"Present and future of immunotherapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors".
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinical pathology, immunobiological markers, and prognosis in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the oral cavity: a narrative review of clinicopathological features and management.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Integrative multi-omics profiling deciphers tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and immunotherapy vulnerabilities in lung neuroendocrine carcinomas.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Yttrium-90 radioembolization for neuroendocrine liver metastases: baseline vascularity predicts cytoreduction efficacy.PloS one · 2026Article
- Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on the treatment of patients with Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the gastro-enteropancreatic tract.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Review
- Molecular and immune characteristics of neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma - Implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Loss of O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Protein Expression by Immunohistochemistry Is Associated With Response to Capecitabine and Temozolomide in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Comprehensive single-cell atlas of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases: unraveling tumor microenvironment heterogeneity between primary lesions and metastases.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Engineering Nanoparticles to Modulate Extracellular Matrix and Immune Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Impact of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enzyme Activity in Neuroendocrine Tumors.Neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- First-line immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in advanced large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a real-world retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of HIF1A-mediated immune evasion in gastric cancer and the impact on therapy resistance.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- An Overview of Altered Pathways Associated with Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Strengths and Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Improved overall survival in patients developing endocrine toxicity during treatment with nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in a prospective study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Systemic Therapy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy, so promising in many neoplasms, still does not have a precise role in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this article, we provide an overview on the current knowledge about immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) applied to NENs, evaluating future perspectives in this setting of tumors.Evidence so far available for ICIs in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NENs is definitively not as robust as for other tumors such as Small Cell Lung Cancer or Merkel Cell Carcinoma. In fact, with regard to the well-differentiated forms of NENs (NETs), the results obtained nowadays have been disappointing. However, the near future, might reserve interesting results for ICIs in GEP-NEN from a total of nine different ICI drugs, used throughout 19 randomised controlled trials. Such numbers highlight the growing attention gathering around NENs and ICIs, in response to the need of stronger evidences supporting such therapy.For the future, the most important aspect will be to study strategies that can make NETs more susceptible to response to ICI and, thus, enhance the effectiveness of these treatments. Therefore, the combination of conventional therapy, target therapy and immunotherapy deserve attention and warrant to be explored. A sequential chemotherapy, possibly inducing an increase in tumor mutational burden and tested before immunotherapy, could be a hypothesis deserving more consideration. A radiation treatment that increases tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, could be another approach to explore before ICIs in NENs. Equally essential will be the identification of biomarkers useful for selecting patients potentially responsive to this type of treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.