Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
The Evolution and Distribution of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spain Using a Serotype-Specific Urinary Antigen Detection Test: The CAPA Study, 2011-2018.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on serotypes distribution of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults and the elderly.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- From Conventional Detection to Point-of-care Tests (POCT) Method for Pediatric Respiratory Infections Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in Japan after the introduction of the childhood PCV13.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults in México 2018-2021: serotype distribution and clinical characteristics.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Hospital burden of pneumococcal disease in Spain (2016-2022): A retrospective study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and clinical impact of pneumococcal disease in Spain in 2023: A nationwide retrospective analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Alterations in the prevalence and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Review
- Strategies for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults in the coming era.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Hospital Burden of All-Cause Pneumonia and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults in France Between 2013 and 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pneumococcal vaccination effectiveness (PCV13 and PPSV23) in individuals with and without reduced kidney function: a test-negative design study.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Multicountry Review of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype Distribution Among Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Louisville, Kentucky, and Its Estimated Burden of Disease in the United States.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Pneumococcal Serotypes Associated with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Adults in Spain, 2016-2020: The CAPA Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Community-Acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Highly Vaccinated Population: Analysis by Serotypes, Vaccination Status, and Underlying Medical Conditions.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Pneumococcal Serotype Evolution and Burden in European Adults in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Article
- Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Against Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Adults: A Case-Control Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpain introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the childhood National Immunization Program in 2015-2016 with coverage of 3 doses of 94.8% in 2018. We assessed the evolution of all pneumococcal, PCV13 vaccine type (VT), and experimental PCV20-VT (PCV13 + serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F) hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Spain from 2011-2018.
methodsA prospective observational study of immunocompetent adults (≥18 years) admitted to 4 Spanish hospitals with chest X-ray-confirmed CAP between November 2011 and November 2018. Microbiological confirmation was obtained using the Pfizer serotype-specific urinary antigen detection tests (UAD1/UAD2), BinaxNow test for urine, and conventional cultures of blood, pleural fluid, and high-quality sputum.
resultsOf 3107 adults hospitalized with CAP, 1943 were ≥65 years. Underlying conditions were present in 87% (n = 2704) of the participants. Among all patients, 895 (28.8%) had pneumococcal CAP and 439 (14.1%) had PCV13-VT CAP, decreasing from 17.9% (n = 77) to 13.2% (n = 68) from 2011-2012 to 2017-2018 (P = .049). PCV20-VT CAP occurred in 243 (23.8%) of those included in 2016-2018. The most identified serotypes were 3 and 8. Serotype 3 accounted for 6.9% (n = 215) of CAP cases, remaining stable during the study period, and was associated with disease severity.
conclusionsPCV13-VT caused a substantial proportion of CAP in Spanish immunocompetent adults 8 years after introduction of childhood PCV13 immunization. Improving direct PCV13 coverage of targeted adult populations could further reduce PCV13-VT burden, a benefit that could be increased further if PCV20 is licensed and implemented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.