Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33851178›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2021

No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women.

Paul Krogstad, Deisy Contreras, Hwee Ng, Nicole Tobin, Christina D Chambers, Kerri Bertrand, Lars Bode, Grace Aldrovandi

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Paul KrogstadDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095.
Deisy ContrerasDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095.
Hwee NgDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095.
Nicole TobinDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095.
Christina D ChambersDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Kerri BertrandDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Lars BodeDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Grace AldrovandiDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095.
University of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

LOC-IMPAACT Leadership GroupPharmacokinetics and Safety of Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women in the USUM1AI068632 · NIAID · SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, INC. · PI Sharon A Nachman · 2011 to 2026
$278.1M
Statistical and Data Management Center-Pediatric,Adolescent, and Maternal CTGUM1AI068616 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Sean Scott Brummel, Marlene Ann Cooper · 2011 to 2026
$155.6M
UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR001442 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S, HOGARTH, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2024
$88.3M
VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI David Mitchell Smith · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
LC - IMPAACT Leadership GroupUM1AI106716 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Grace M Aldrovandi · 2014 to 2026
$47.2M
Virology CoreP30AI028697 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI KITCHEN, SCOTT G · 1991 to 2018
$39.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI028697NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068616NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068632NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI106716
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSARS-CoV-2 infections of infants and toddlers are usually mild but can result in life-threatening disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but the potential role of breastfeeding in transmission to infants has remained uncertain.

methodsBreast milk specimens were examined for the presence of the virus by RT-PCR and/or culture. Specimens that contained viral RNA (vRNA) were examined for the presence of subgenomic coronavirus RNA (sgRNA), a putative marker of infectivity. Culture methods were used to determine the thermal stability of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.

resultsBreast milk samples from 110 women (65 confirmed with a SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test, 36 with symptoms but without tests, and 9 with symptoms but a negative SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test) were tested by RT-PCR (285 samples) and/or viral culture (160 samples). Although vRNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the milk of 7 of 110 (6%) women with either a confirmed infection or symptomatic illness, and in 6 of 65 (9%) of women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test, virus was not detected in any culture. None of the 7 milk specimens with detectable vRNA contained sgRNA. Notably, when artificially added to human milk in control experiments, infectious SARS-CoV-2 could be cultured despite several freeze-thaw cycles, as occurs in the storage and usage of human milk.

conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found infrequently in the breastmilk of women with recent infection, but we found no evidence that breastmilk contains infectious virus or that breastfeeding represents a risk factor for transmission of infection to infants. KEY POINTS:

Identifiers

PMID33851178
PMCPMC8043475
OpenAlexW3140708195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.