ArticleNorthern clinics of Istanbul2021
Is mediolateral episiotomy angle associated with postpartum perineal pain in primiparous women?
Article in Northern clinics of Istanbul, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of small-angle episiotomy on incisional laceration rate, suturing time, and incisional bleeding in primigravida: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Perineal Massage and Warm Compresses Technique in Postpartum Perineal Pain. A Secondary Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Trial
- Trigonometric characteristics of episiotomy & pregnancy variables.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of Radiofrequency in Multimodal Physiotherapy for Postpartum Pelvic Pain: The RASDOP Protocol-A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOur aim is to elucidate the relationship between mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) angle and postpartum perineal pain.
methodsThis study was designed prospectively. Primiparous women with MLE in the postpartum period were included in the study and divided into three groups according to episiotomy angle ranges (Group 1: <40°, Group 2: 40°-60°, and Group 3: >60°). Postpartum perineal pain was quantified with the short-form McGill Pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) consisting of the following three parts: Sensory-affective-verbal descriptions, visual pain scale (VPS), and present pain intensity scale (PPI). Postpartum perineal pain scores on days 1 and 7 were compared among the angle group.
resultsOverall, 86 eligible women were enrolled in this study. Seventy-three women (85%) scored the perineal pain between 0 and 3 on the VPS and 13 women (15%) rated the pain from 4 to 6 on the 1
conclusionMLE at an angle <40° to the midline is associated with a higher score of perineal pain and an increase need for analgesics during the early postpartum days.
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Registered trials
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