Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33850126›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Identifying therapeutic drug targets using bidirectional effect genes.

Karol Estrada, Steven Froelich, Arthur Wuster, Christopher R Bauer, Teague Sterling, Wyatt T Clark, Yuanbin Ru, Marena Trinidad, Hong Phuc Nguyen, Amanda R Luu and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The genetic basis of human height.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Pharmacological and Genetic Disruption of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  14. Identification of novel genes includingFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023
    Article
  15. Target Discovery for Drug Development Using Mendelian Randomization.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Karol EstradaBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA. contact@karolestrada.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3224-2955
Steven FroelichBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Arthur WusterBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Christopher R BauerBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Teague SterlingBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Wyatt T ClarkBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Yuanbin RuBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0509-1792
Marena TrinidadBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Hong Phuc NguyenBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Amanda R LuuBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Daniel J WendtBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Gouri YogalingamBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Guoying Karen YuBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Jonathan H LeBowitzBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
Lon R CardonBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
BioMarin (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prioritizing genes for translation to therapeutics for common diseases has been challenging. Here, we propose an approach to identify drug targets with high probability of success by focusing on genes with both gain of function (GoF) and loss of function (LoF) mutations associated with opposing effects on phenotype (Bidirectional Effect Selected Targets, BEST). We find 98 BEST genes for a variety of indications. Drugs targeting those genes are 3.8-fold more likely to be approved than non-BEST genes. We focus on five genes (IGF1R, NPPC, NPR2, FGFR3, and SHOX) with evidence for bidirectional effects on stature. Rare protein-altering variants in those genes result in significantly increased risk for idiopathic short stature (ISS) (OR = 2.75, p = 3.99 × 10

Indexed as

GenesPharmaceutical PreparationsAtrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor BDrug DiscoveryDwarfismGenetic Association StudiesHumansNatriuretic Peptide, C-TypePhenotypeReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3Receptor, IGF Type 1Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic FactorShort Stature Homeobox ProteinAtrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor BFGFR3 protein, humanIGF1R protein, humanNatriuretic Peptide, C-TypeNPPC protein, humanPharmaceutical PreparationsReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3Receptor, IGF Type 1Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic FactorShort Stature Homeobox ProteinSHOX protein, human

Identifiers

PMID33850126
PMCPMC8044152
OpenAlexW3155106196

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.