ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Signaling defenses with color: a meta-analysis of leaf color variation, palatability, and herbivore damage.The New phytologist · 2025Pooled it
- Ontogenetic shifts in the metabolomic profiles of Battus polydamas (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Troidini) Feeding on Aristolochia gigantea.Journal of chemical ecology · 2026Article
- Monarch Performance and Cardenolide Sequestration Decline on Naturally Derived Hybrid Milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca x speciosa).Journal of chemical ecology · 2026Article
- Integrated Toxicokinetics Underlie Selective Sequestration of Cardiotonic Steroids in an Asian Snake Rhabdophis tigrinus.Journal of chemical ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Allopatric coevolution: Migratory predators may facilitate mimicry between geographically nonoverlapping species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ingestion of the potent neurotoxin epibatidine does not compromise locomotion or behavior in the poison frogbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Host Rejection of the White Mustard (Sinapis alba) by a Major Oilseed Rape Pest Is Driven by the Avoidance of Sinalbin.Journal of chemical ecology · 2026Article
- Structural innovation in the evolution of plant chemical defense.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- The lepidopteran analyst: how caterpillars, moths and butterflies encode taste identity and valence.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Review
- Divergent dietary and defensive adaptations of closely related coexisting seed bugs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Selective Sequestration of Cardenolides Shapes Chemical Defense in an Aposematic Butterfly.Journal of chemical ecology · 2026Review
- Secondary Compounds in Milkweed Nectar Negatively Impact Thermal Tolerance in Bumble Bees.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- A New Model of the Mechanisms behind Glucose Oxidase Action in Plant Insect Interactions.Journal of chemical ecology · 2025Review
- Assessing predation of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae using artificial caterpillar models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual differences in defensive strategies: investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp mothRoyal Society open science · 2025Article
- Resistance and Tolerance to Imperfectly Specialized Parasites: Milkweed Butterflies and Their Protozoan Parasites.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Genome and Tissue-Specific Transcriptome of the Tropical Milkweed (Plant direct · 2025Article
- Regionality and Temporal Dynamics of Sequestration and Relocation of Cardenolides in the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus.Journal of chemical ecology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.