ArticleBMJ open2021
Association between participation in the government subsidy programme for domestic travel and symptoms indicative of COVID-19 infection in Japan: cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in Age and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Telemedicine Adoption in Japan, 2020-2024: Longitudinal Panel Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Loneliness, Chronic Conditions, and Healthcare Engagement in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Social Isolation and Health Outcomes in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Medication adherence and functional food use in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Data Resource Profile: The Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS).International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale with Socioeconomic and Psychological Factors in Japan.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Cervical, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates Among Sexual and Gender Minority Women in Japan: Using a Nationwide Online Survey.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Association between equivalized annual household income and regular medical visits for hypertensive patients since the COVID-19 outbreak.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Combined associations of education and health literacy with preventive dental visits in patients with diabetes: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Diabetology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-consensual Sex Among Japanese Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Nationwide Survey-Based Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Health and non-health benefits and equity impacts of individual-level economic relief programs during epidemics/pandemics in high income settings: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Effects of expanded adverse childhood experiences including school bullying, childhood poverty, and natural disasters on mental health in adulthood.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Parental gender influences their intention to HPV vaccinate their children, and the association between HPV and COVID-19 vaccination intentions.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Married women's decision to delay childbearing, and loneliness, severe psychological distress, and suicidal ideation under crisis: online survey data analysis from 2020 to 2021.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Impact of loneliness on suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a cross-sectional online survey in Japan.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Association Between Toothbrushing Habits and COVID-19 Symptoms.International dental journal · 2023Article
- Association between Poverty and Refraining from Seeking Medical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between participation in government subsidies for domestic travel (subsidise up to 50% of all travel expenses) introduced nationally in Japan on 22 July 2020 and the incidence of symptoms indicative of COVID-19 infections.
designCross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data.
settingInternet survey conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan. Sampling weights were used to calculate national estimates.
participants25 482 survey respondents (50.3% (12 809) women; mean (SD) age, 48.8 (17.4) years).
main outcome measuresIncidence rate of five symptoms indicative of the COVID-19 infection (high fever, sore throat, cough, headache, and smell and taste disorder) within the past month of the survey, after adjustment for characteristics of individuals and prefecture fixed effects (effectively comparing individuals living in the same prefecture).
resultsAt the time of the survey, 3289 (12.9%) participated in the subsidy programme. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that participants in the subsidy programme exhibited higher incidence of high fever (adjusted rate, 4.7% for participants vs 3.7% for non-participants; adjusted OR (aOR) 1.83; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.48; p<0.001), sore throat (19.8% vs 11.3%; aOR 2.09; 95% CI 1.37 to 3.19; p=0.002), cough (19.0% vs 11.3%; aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.01; p=0.008), headache (29.2% vs 25.5%; aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.44; p=0.006) and smell and taste disorder (2.6% vs 1.8%; aOR 1.98; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.40; p=0.01) compared with non-participants. These findings remained qualitatively unaffected by additional adjustment for the use of 17 preventative measures (eg, social distancing, wearing masks and handwashing) and fear against the COVID-19 infection.
conclusionsThe participation of the government subsidy programme for domestic travel was associated with a higher probability of exhibiting symptoms indicative of the COVID-19 infection.
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