ReviewEpidemiology and infection2021
Review of infective dose, routes of transmission and outcome of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-COV-2: comparison with other respiratory viruses.
Review in Epidemiology and infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the context of the development and general clinical characteristics of the disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Pooled it
- The Reassessed Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Attenuation for COVID-19 Vaccine Development-A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- Contamination of Air and Surfaces in Workplaces with SARS-CoV-2 Virus: A Systematic Review.Annals of work exposures and health · 2021Pooled it
- Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 - High antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Virus research · 2022Trial
- Spatial Immune Model of Alveolar Lung Infection (SIMALI) Identifies Structural Determinants of Lung Inflammation.Research square · 2026Article
- Data aggregation and mechanistic modeling enable dose-response analysis of SARS-CoV-1 in non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Exploratory Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics in Young Adults in Bogotá: Lessons from Natural Infection and Post-Vaccination Memory.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis Induced by Influenza Virus Infection: Role of the Early Events of the Infection and the Innate Immune Response.Viruses · 2025Review
- Particulate Matter Exposure and Viral Infections: Relevance to Highly Polluted Settings such as Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Viruses · 2025Article
- Enhanced testing can substantially improve defense against several types of respiratory virus pandemic.Epidemics · 2025Article
- Article
- Persistence of Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, in simulated indoor environments: Effects of humidity and material properties.PloS one · 2025Article
- Lung infection in orally inoculated SARS-CoV-2 hamsters.PloS one · 2025Article
- Application of a composite, multi-scale COVID-19 mitigation framework: US border use-case.Health systems (Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA Presence in Outdoor Air of Public Spaces in Valladolid During Winter, 2021.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- An Engineering Alternative to Lockdown During COVID-19 and Other Airborne Infectious Disease Pandemics: Feasibility Study.JMIR biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Resolving the Loss of Intermediate-Size Speech Aerosols in Funnel-Guided Particle Counting Measurement.Atmosphere · 2024Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 RBD decorated nanoparticle vaccine enhances viral clearance in the Syrian hamster model.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pandemic. Prevention and control strategies require an improved understanding of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. We did a rapid review of the literature on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics with a focus on infective dose. We sought comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We examined laboratory animal and human studies. The literature on infective dose, transmission and routes of exposure was limited specially in humans, and varying endpoints were used for measurement of infection. Despite variability in animal studies, there was some evidence that increased dose at exposure correlated with higher viral load clinically, and severe symptoms. Higher viral load measures did not reflect coronavirus disease 2019 severity. Aerosol transmission seemed to raise the risk of more severe respiratory complications in animals. An accurate quantitative estimate of the infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 in humans is not currently feasible and needs further research. Our review suggests that it is small, perhaps about 100 particles. Further work is also required on the relationship between routes of transmission, infective dose, co-infection and outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.