Trial reportInternational breastfeeding journal2021
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of the onset time of skin-to-skin contact at birth, immediate compared to early, on the duration of breastfeeding in full term newborns.
Trial report in International breastfeeding journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02687685 (Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate Skin to Skin Contact), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate Skin to Skin Contact (SSC) at Birth, Early vs. Immediate, on the Duration of Exclusive Human Lactation in Full-term Newborns Treated at the Universidad de La Sabana Clinic
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immediate or early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Exclusive Breastfeeding Promotion Interventions on Child Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Effective breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Timing of skin-to-skin contact after cesarean section on exclusive breastfeeding: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Breast Crawling on Breastfeeding Outcomes, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Anxiety Status After Term Vaginal Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Trial
- Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Postpartum Period: A Mixed-Methods Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Skin-to-Skin Contact and Breastfeeding After Planned Cesarean Birth Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Skin-to-Skin Contact and Breastfeeding in the First Hour Post Delivery in Reducing Excessive Weight Loss.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSkin-to-skin contact (SSC) compared to separation at birth has a positive effect on breastfeeding. However, separation at birth is common with negative impact on breastfeeding. The aim was to determine the effect of immediate SSC compared to early SSC on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
methodsA randomized multicentre parallel clinical trial was conducted in two hospitals in Cundinamarca (Colombia) between November 2018 and January 2020. Low-risk full term newborns at birth were included. Neonates were assigned to immediate (in the first minute after birth) or early onset (start exactly at 60 min of life) skin to skin contact. Monthly follow-up was performed until 6 months of age. The primary outcome was the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants at 6 months (time in months with human milk as the only source of food). Secondary outcomes were the percentage of infants with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months, duration in months of exclusive breastfeeding, neonate's breastfeeding ability, percentage of weight change between birth and the first week of life and hospitalization in the neonatal unit in the first week. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the onset of SSC on exclusive breastfeeding duration.
resultsA total of 297 newborns were included: 49.8% (n = 148) in the immediate SSC group, and 50.2% (n = 149) in the early SSC group. The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding in both groups was 5 months. There were no differences between the groups in the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (relative risk [RR] 1.06, 95% CI 0.72, 1.58) or in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% CI 0.74, 1.28).
conclusionsThe percentage of infants and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age were the same between the two groups of SSC interventions. Given the current barriers to its implementation, the results of this study could positively impact the use of SSC at birth and standardize the intervention and improve breastfeeding indicators.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02687685 .
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