Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33848464›Full record

ReviewCell2021

Programmable protein circuit design.

Zibo Chen, Michael B Elowitz

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Physics-guided design of intrinsically disordered proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Programmable nanobody circuits for cell selection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026
    Review
  16. Trainable computation in molecular networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Multivalency Enables Signal Processing at Single Protein Level.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zibo ChenDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Michael B ElowitzDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Electronic address: melowitz@caltech.edu.
California Institute of Technology · US

Funding

MEMOIR: Recording, and in situ readout of cell lineage and transcriptional historyR01MH116508 · NIMH · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI CAI, LONG, ELOWITZ, MICHAEL B · 2017 to 2021
$6.9M
Cell targeting with synthetic sense-and-respond protease circuitsR01EB030015 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ELOWITZ, MICHAEL B · 2020 to 2023
$2.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB030015NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116508
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A fundamental challenge in synthetic biology is to create molecular circuits that can program complex cellular functions. Because proteins can bind, cleave, and chemically modify one another and interface directly and rapidly with endogenous pathways, they could extend the capabilities of synthetic circuits beyond what is possible with gene regulation alone. However, the very diversity that makes proteins so powerful also complicates efforts to harness them as well-controlled synthetic circuit components. Recent work has begun to address this challenge, focusing on principles such as orthogonality and composability that permit construction of diverse circuit-level functions from a limited set of engineered protein components. These approaches are now enabling the engineering of circuits that can sense, transmit, and process information; dynamically control cellular behaviors; and enable new therapeutic strategies, establishing a powerful paradigm for programming biology.

Indexed as

Cell Physiological PhenomenaCellular ReprogrammingAnimalsGenetic EngineeringHumansProteinsSynthetic BiologyProteins

Identifiers

PMID33848464
PMCPMC8087657
OpenAlexW3153508581

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.