ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2021
Classification of neurological diseases using multi-dimensional CSF analysis.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune context and treatment timing associated with seizure freedom after rituximab in autoimmune limbic encephalitis.iScience · 2026Article
- 3D-Printable, Honeycomb-Inspired Tissue-Like Bioelectrodes for Patient-Specific Neural Interface.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Region-specific proteomic profiling of brain interstitial fluidLab on a chip · 2026Article
- A CSF disease-associated macrophage signature defines progressive multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immune cell profiling reveals expanded stem cell-like memory T cells in anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Paediatric cerebrospinal fluid immune profiling distinguishes paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis from other paediatric-onset acute neurological disorders.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Annual 12-Week Dosing Gap of Natalizumab: Clinical Efficacy, Blood Biomarkers, and CSF Cell Composition.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Observational
- Nanomaterials: an overview of current trends and future prospects in neurological disorder treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cytoskeletal disruption-induced calcium dysregulation drives cell death in anti-IgLON5 disease.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Oligoclonal Bands for CNS Autoimmune Disorders in Acutely Ill Adults.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- B- and T cell receptor sequencing elucidates characteristics of lymphocyte depletion by ocrelizumab.iScience · 2025Article
- Atlas of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Cells Across Neurological Diseases.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Changes in RNA Splicing: A New Paradigm of Transcriptional Responses to Probiotic Action in the Mammalian Brain.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Dynamic relationship between cerebrospinal fluid immune cells and tissue damage markers in multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte signatures correspond to clinical phenotypes in autoimmune limbic encephalitis.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood Lymphomonocyte Single-Cell Transcriptomics in a Subject with Multiple Sclerosis Acutely Infected with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Big data and artificial intelligence applied to blood and CSF fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Air pollution and neurological diseases, current state highlights.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although CSF analysis routinely enables the diagnosis of neurological diseases, it is mainly used for the gross distinction between infectious, autoimmune inflammatory, and degenerative disorders of the CNS. To investigate, whether a multi-dimensional cellular blood and CSF characterization can support the diagnosis of clinically similar neurological diseases, we analysed 546 patients with autoimmune neuroinflammatory, degenerative, or vascular conditions in a cross-sectional retrospective study. By combining feature selection with dimensionality reduction and machine learning approaches we identified pan-disease parameters that were altered across all autoimmune neuroinflammatory CNS diseases and differentiated them from other neurological conditions and inter-autoimmunity classifiers that subdifferentiate variants of CNS-directed autoimmunity. Pan-disease as well as diseases-specific changes formed a continuum, reflecting clinical disease evolution. A validation cohort of 231 independent patients confirmed that combining multiple parameters into composite scores can assist the classification of neurological patients. Overall, we showed that the integrated analysis of blood and CSF parameters improves the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases, thereby facilitating early treatment decisions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.