ArticlePloS one2021
Sex differences in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in India: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Urban Housing and Hypertension Among Women in India: Comparing Slum and Non-Slum Contexts Using National Survey Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Is BMI Enough? Body Composition Profiles and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hmar Tribe of Northeast India.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Understanding gender variation in the risk factors of hypertension through cross sectional analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in poland: results from the comprehensive cardiovascular risk prevention program.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in rural areas of Naubatpur block of Patna District in Bihar, India: a population-based cluster cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex-specific prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adults in India: a study for developing sex-specific public policy from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) data 2017-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
- Factors influencing the progression from prehypertension to hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a 2-year longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Patterns of risk for diabetic retinopathy in the Mumbai slums: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study (AJ-DRUMSS) Report 3.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Geospatial epidemiology of hypertension and its risk factors in India: Findings from National Family Health Survey (2015-2016).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Hypertension and its association with body mass index among the Indian population. Findings from a nationwide survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Prevalence and determinants of hypertension and associated comorbidities in non-pregnant women of reproductive age group (15-49 years): Evidence from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Gender difference in prevalence of hypertension among Indians across various age-groups: a report from multiple nationally representative samples.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Examining sex disparity in the association of waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and BMI with hypertension among older adults in India.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence and predictors of hypertension: Evidence from a study of rural India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
To estimate sex-specific prevalence and associated socio-economic, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors of hypertension in India. We used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) of 2015-16. The analysis based on 6,99,686 women (15-49 years) and 1,12,122 men (15-54 years) whose blood pressure (BP) were measured during the survey. Bivariate distribution was used to show the prevalence of hypertension and, maps were used to present its spatial patterns. Logistic regression model was used to identify sex-specific association between risk factors and hypertension. Results show that the overall prevalence of hypertension was 16.32% among men and 11.56% among women. We also found that the prevalence of hypertension across selected socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle background characteristics and in a majority of the states was higher among men compared to women. Odds ratios from logistic regression analysis direct sex-related differences in risk factors. Hypertension increases with an increase in age and the risk is higher among older women (AOR, 5.58; 95% CI, 5.16-6.03 for women aged 40-49 and AOR, 4.24; 95% CI, 3.94-4.57 for men aged 50-54) compared to men. Education, types of jobs (specially technical, administrative and managerial), marital status and non-vegetarian diet were significantly associated with hypertension in men. While other than age; non-working, consumption of alcohol, and being a diabetic was found to be major risk factors for this disease among women. There are sex-related differences in prevalence as well as risk factors of hypertension in India. In order to prevent early developments of hypertension, awareness related to changing lifestyles such as a diet rich in fruits, vegetables as well as screening to control BP should be promoted among youths and adults in India. The study also recommends sex-specific approaches in health infrastructure and policies besides increasing public awareness.
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