ArticleJournal of nephrology2021
Urinary Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) levels as a biomarker of adverse outcomes and biopsy findings in chronic kidney disease.
Article in Journal of nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Urinary Peptide and Proteomic Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating total and intact GDF-15 levels are not altered in response to weight loss induced by liraglutide or lorcaserin treatment in humans with obesity.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Trial
- Antibody-detecting resistive biosensor for protein biomarkers.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Prognostic Value and Barriers to Clinical Implementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Diabetic Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenic Driver or Protective Modulator.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Growth differentiation factor-15 and the incidence, bidirectional progression, and risk prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts physical function impairment in Spanish older adults: a real-world prospective study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammatory profiles are associated with long-term kidney failure and patient mortality in chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Selection and Validation of Novel Biomarkers for ntOPN-Based Models for Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Novel Roles of GDF15 in Alleviating Renal Fibrosis: Promoting Autophagy and Lysosome Biogenesis via Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Serum and Urine GDF-15 Levels in Patients with Ureteral Stones.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deconvolution of molecular mechanisms in di-n-butyl phthalate/mono-n-butyl phthalate induced diabetic kidney disease by integrated machine learning and molecular docking.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Associations of growth differentiation factor 15 with kidney function in frail and pre-frail older individuals: the mediating role of inflammation and oxidative stress.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Performance of novel biomarkers for prediction of diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine · 2025Observational
- Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in CKD: A Window into Muscle Quality and Health?Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Review
- Role of GDF-15 in diabetic nephropathy: mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Molecular and Functional Significance of Growth Differentiation Factor-15: A Review on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Biomarker.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker for Risk Stratification in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Intensive Care Unit.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Plasma proteomics of acute tubular injury.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. Increased serum GDF15 has been associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, no prior studies have addressed the significance of urinary GDF15 in adult CKD.
methodsWe measured serum and urinary GDF15 in a prospective cohort of 84 patients who underwent kidney biopsy and assessed their association with outcomes (survival, kidney replacement therapy) during a follow-up of 29 ± 17 months.
resultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between serum and urine GDF15 values. However, while serum GDF15 values increased with decreasing glomerular filtration rate, urinary GDF15 did not. Immunohistochemistry located kidney GDF15 expression mainly in tubular cells, and kidney GDF15 staining correlated with urinary GDF15 values. Urine GDF15 was significantly higher in patients with a histologic diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy than in diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy. This was not the case for serum GDF15. Both serum and urine GDF15 were negatively associated with patient survival in multivariate models. However, when both urine and serum GDF15 were present in the model, lower urine GDF15 predicted patient survival [B coefficient (SEM) - 0.395 (0.182) p 0.03], and higher urine GDF15 predicted a composite of mortality or kidney replacement therapy [0.191 (0.06) p 0.002], while serum GDF15 was not predictive. Decision tree analysis yielded similar results. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) for urine GDF15 as a predictor of mortality was 0.95 (95% CI 0.89-1.00, p < 0.001).
conclusionsIn conclusion, urinary GDF15 is associated with kidney histology patterns, mortality and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in CKD patients who underwent a kidney biopsy.
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