Observational studyCNS drugs2021
Predicting Infection Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Ocrelizumab: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in CNS drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypogammaglobulinemia and infections in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19,139 multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of immunoglobulin trends for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Characterisation of the safety profile of evobrutinib in over 1000 patients from phase II clinical trials in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: an integrated safety analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Risk of infection in ocrelizumab-treated adults with multiple sclerosis aged 55 years and older: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Nasal Mucociliary Clearance and Its Relationship With Disease Severity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness and Risk of Severe Infection in Adult Patients With MS Treated With Diroximel Fumarate Versus Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Real-World Claims Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Real-world comparison of anti-CD20 therapies: efficacy, infections, and immune profiles in a German cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunological Monitoring During Anti-CD20 Therapies to Predict Infection Risk and Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia in patients with inflammatory neurological diseases on anti-CD20 therapy: risk of infection and infection-related mortality.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Evaluation of Effectiveness and Immunological Implications of Ocrelizumab in a Real-World Cohort.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- Review
- Risk of Serious Infections in Patients Treated With Biologic or Targeted-synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Qatar.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod and Ocrelizumab in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Pediatric neurology · 2025Article
- Sequelae of B-Cell Depleting Therapy: An Immunologist's Perspective.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Real-world effectiveness, safety and immunogenicity of ocrelizumab in turkish multiple sclerosis patients: a single-center experience for 4-year follow-up.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Review
- Management of multiple sclerosis in older adults: review of current evidence and future perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis, Rituximab, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Risk of Infections.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Long-Term Observation of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response upon High Efficacy Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis-A Real-World Scenario.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Planned dose reduction of ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a single-centre observational study.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
- Assessing Sustained B-Cell Depletion and Disease Activity in a French Multiple Sclerosis Cohort Treated by Long-Term IV Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOcrelizumab safety outcomes have been well evaluated in clinical trials and open-label extension (OLE) studies. However, risk factors for infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving ocrelizumab have not been extensively studied in the real-world setting.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine factors determining risk of self-reported infections and antimicrobial use in patients receiving ocrelizumab for MS.
methodsA retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted in patients receiving ocrelizumab at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Infection type and number were reported by patients, and the associations of potential clinical and laboratory risk factors with self-reported infection and antimicrobial use were estimated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.
resultsA total of 185 patients were included in the study; a total of 176 infections were reported in 89 patients (46.1%), and antimicrobial use was identified in 47 patients (25.3%). In univariate analyses, a higher serum IgA was associated with reduced odds of infection (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.76). In multivariable analyses, older age (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99), higher serum IgA (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.80) and higher serum IgG (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99) were associated with reduced odds of infection. Older age (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96) and higher serum IgA (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.79) were associated with reduced odds of antimicrobial use, whilst longer MS disease duration (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41) and higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.02-3.86) were associated with increased odds of antimicrobial use.
conclusionsHigher serum IgA and IgG and older age were associated with reduced odds of infection. Our findings highlight that infection risk is not uniform in patients with MS receiving ocrelizumab and substantiate the need to monitor immunoglobulin levels pre-treatment and whilst on therapy.
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