SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2021
Blockchain Personal Health Records: Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial Intelligence Platform Architecture for Hospital Systems: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review.The Lancet. Digital health · 2021Pooled it
- Development of a Blockchain-Based Platform to Enable Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Shared Research Participation With Indigenous Communities: Technology Prototyping and Community Engagement Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Transforming student health insurance with blockchain: a systematic review of efficiency, access, and implementation barriers.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Review
- Digital paradigm of public health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Blockchain Technology to Enhance Clinical Data Management in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review.Blockchain in healthcare today · 2026Review
- New insights into translational research in Alzheimer's disease guided by artificial intelligence, computational and systems biology.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Patient Health Record Smart Network Challenges and Trends for a Smarter World.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Blockchain in Health Care, Evolutionary or Revolutionary - An Evidence-Based Review.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Review
- AI-Induced Cybersecurity Risks in Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Blockchain-Based Solutions Within a Clinical Risk Management Framework.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Review
- Optimizing Proof-of-Work for Secure Health Data Blockchain Using Compute Unified Device Architecture.Blockchain in healthcare today · 2025Article
- Effective Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies for Empowerment of Drug Discovery and Development.Current drug discovery technologies · 2025Review
- Review
- [Blockchain in health: Transforming security and clinical data management].Atencion primaria · 2024Article
- Applications of Blockchain-Based Technology for Healthcare Devices Post-market Surveillance.Cureus · 2024Article
- Blockchain: What is the use case for physicians in 2024? A rapid review of the literature.Future healthcare journal · 2024Review
- Blockchain Revolutionizing in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of Patient Journey through the ED.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Decentralized Marketplace for Patient-Generated Health Data: Design Science Approach.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Blockchain technology applications in the health domain: a multivocal literature review.The Journal of supercomputing · 2023Article
- Telemedicine for diabetes management during COVID-19: what we have learnt, what and how to implement.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlockchain technology has the potential to enable more secure, transparent, and equitable data management. In the health care domain, it has been applied most frequently to electronic health records. In addition to securely managing data, blockchain has significant advantages in distributing data access, control, and ownership to end users. Due to this attribute, among others, the use of blockchain to power personal health records (PHRs) is especially appealing.
objectiveThis review aims to examine the current landscape, design choices, limitations, and future directions of blockchain-based PHRs.
methodsAdopting the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, a cross-disciplinary systematic review was performed in July 2020 on all eligible articles, including gray literature, from the following 8 databases: ACM, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Three reviewers independently performed a full-text review and data abstraction using a standardized data collection form.
resultsA total of 58 articles met the inclusion criteria. In the review, we found that the blockchain PHR space has matured over the past 5 years, from purely conceptual ideas initially to an increasing trend of publications describing prototypes and even implementations. Although the eventual application of blockchain in PHRs is intended for the health care industry, the majority of the articles were found in engineering or computer science publications. Among the blockchain PHRs described, permissioned blockchains and off-chain storage were the most common design choices. Although 18 articles described a tethered blockchain PHR, all of them were at the conceptual stage.
conclusionsThis review revealed that although research interest in blockchain PHRs is increasing and that the space is maturing, this technology is still largely in the conceptual stage. Being the first systematic review on blockchain PHRs, this review should serve as a basis for future reviews to track the development of the space.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.