Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33846900›Full record

ArticleNeurocritical care2021

Association of Dose of Intracranial Hypertension with Outcome in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Giorgia Carra, Francesca Elli, Bogdan Ianosi, Marine Flechet, Lukas Huber, Verena Rass, Bart Depreitere, Fabian Güiza, Geert Meyfroidt, Giuseppe Citerio and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurocritical care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. High risk and low incidence diseases: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Optical approaches for neurocritical care: Toward non-invasive recording of cerebral physiology in acute brain injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Intracranial pressure for clinicians: it is not just a number.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2023
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Giorgia CarraDepartment and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Francesca ElliDepartment of Emergency and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Bogdan IanosiUniversity of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
Marine Flechet *Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Lukas HuberUniversity of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
Verena RassDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Bart DepreitereDepartment of Neurosurgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Fabian GüizaDepartment and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Geert Meyfroidt *Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. geert.meyfroidt@uzleuven.be.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-3935
Giuseppe Citerio *Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Raimund Helbok *Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
KU Leuven · BEInnsbruck Medical University · ATUMIT - Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik · ATUniversity of Milano-Bicocca · ITPhilips (Netherlands) · NL

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 29076
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) the burden of intracranial pressure (ICP) and its contribution to outcomes remains unclear. In this multicenter study, the independent association between intensity and duration, or "dose," of episodes of intracranial hypertension and 12-month neurological outcomes was investigated.

methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of multicenter prospectively collected data of 98 adult patients with aSAH amendable to treatment. Patients were admitted to the intensive care unit of two European centers (Medical University of Innsbruck [Austria] and San Gerardo University Hospital of Monza [Italy]) from 2009 to 2013. The dose of intracranial hypertension was visualized. The obtained visualizations allowed us to investigate the association between intensity and duration of episodes of intracranial hypertension and the 12-month neurological outcomes of the patients, assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Score. The independent association between the cumulative dose of intracranial hypertension and outcome for each patient was investigated by using multivariable logistic regression models corrected for age, occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia, and the Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission.

resultsThe combination of duration and intensity defined the tolerance to intracranial hypertension for the two cohorts of patients. A semiexponential transition divided ICP doses that were associated with better outcomes (in blue) with ICP doses associated with worse outcomes (in red). In addition, in both cohorts, an independent association was found between the cumulative time that the patient experienced ICP doses in the red area and long-term neurological outcomes. The ICP pressure-time burden was a stronger predictor of outcomes than the cumulative time spent by the patients with an ICP greater than 20 mmHg.

conclusionsIn two cohorts of patients with aSAH, an association between duration and intensity of episodes of elevated ICP and 12-month neurological outcomes could be demonstrated and was visualized in a color-coded plot.

Indexed as

Intracranial HypertensionSubarachnoid HemorrhageAdultGlasgow Coma ScaleHumansIntracranial PressureRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeCritical careDecision-makingIntracranial hypertensionOutcome assessmentSubarachnoid hemorrhage

Identifiers

PMID33846900
OpenAlexW3154507260

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.