ArticleScientific reports2021
Time-lag of urinary and salivary cortisol response after a psychological stressor in bonobos (Pan paniscus).
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship between Psychological Stress and Anthropometric, Biological Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Salivary cortisol dynamics and their relationship with sleep and mental well-being in adults receiving a phospholipid-basedFood & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Decoding dog communication through the physiology and behavior of urine marking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Personality, Stereotypy, and Responses to Crate Entry in Captive Giant Pandas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Collaborative Multiple Stressor Approach for Identifying Spatial Heterogeneities in Wildlife Health and Conservation Priorities.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of prolonged fasting on kynurenine pathway metabolites and stress markers in healthy male individuals.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Assessment of stress levels and reproductive condition in giant pandas: insights from hair, faecal and saliva samples.Conservation physiology · 2024Article
- Effects of Tourist and Researcher Presence on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Wild, Habituated Sulawesi Crested Macaques (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- Determination of diurnal rhythm of salivary corticosterone concentration in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica) using a non-invasive method.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Bonobo mothers have elevated urinary cortisol levels during early but not mid or late lactation.Primates; journal of primatology · 2023Article
- Cortisol response to psychosocial stress, mental distress, fatigue and quality of life in coronary artery disease patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Cat Foster Program Outcomes: Behavior, Stress, and Cat-Human Interaction.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Dietary Factors, Time of the Week, Physical Fitness and Saliva Cortisol: Their Modulatory Effect on Mental Distress and Mood.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Salivary Cortisol Reaction Norms in Zoo-Housed Great Apes: Diurnal Slopes and Intercepts as Indicators of Stress Response Quality.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Relationships between cortisol and urinary androgens in female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus).General and comparative endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cortisol is often measured as a marker for stress. Therefore, a profound validation of the time-lag between the stressor and the increase and peak in cortisol levels is needed. No study measured both the urinary and salivary cortisol time-lag after a psychological stressor. In this study, we used a frequent sampling study design to (1) describe the urinary and salivary cortisol pattern during a control day; and (2) characterize the induced excretion pattern of urinary and salivary cortisol after a psychological stressor in six zoo-housed bonobos. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze 71 urine and 162 saliva samples collected on a control and a test day. We found that the time-lag between the stressor and the maximal cortisol concentration was similar in urine and saliva (160 min after the stressor). However, salivary cortisol after the stressor did show a faster and steeper increase than urinary cortisol. We also show inter-individual variation in the baseline and stress levels of cortisol, which should be considered in future cortisol studies. Our research highlights the importance of validation studies to confirm relevant sampling windows for cortisol sampling in order to obtain biologically meaningful results.
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