ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
The cumulative risk of jail incarceration.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Incarceration Dynamics and Racial Disparities in North Carolina Jails.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Adverse childhood experiences in the context of maternal criminal justice system involvement.Child protection and practice · 2026Article
- Children's Exposure to Recent Family Member Criminal Legal System Involvement.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Incarceration and Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Black Americans.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- The Distribution of Carceral Harm: County-Level Jail Incarceration and Mortality by Race, Sex, and Age.Demography · 2024Article
- The Mass Incarceration Trauma Framework: A Conceptual Model for Understanding Trauma among Individuals Who Experience Incarceration.Social work · 2023Article
- Article
- Neighborhood Incarceration Rates and Adverse Birth Outcomes in New York City, 2010-2014.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- County-level jail incarceration, community economic distress, rurality, and preterm birth among women in the US South.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Article
- Lifetime risk of imprisonment in the United States remains high and starkly unequal.Science advances · 2022Article
- Rethinking the Role of Jails Amid COVID-19.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Concentrated incarceration and the public-housing-to-prison pipeline in New York City neighborhoods.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Eviction from public housing in the United States.Cities (London, England) · 2022Article
- Inequalities in jail incarceration across the life course.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research on incarceration has focused on prisons, but jail detention is far more common than imprisonment. Jails are local institutions that detain people before trial or incarcerate them for short sentences for low-level offenses. Research from the 1970s and 1980s viewed jails as "managing the rabble," a small and deeply disadvantaged segment of urban populations that struggled with problems of addiction, mental illness, and homelessness. The 1990s and 2000s marked a period of mass criminalization in which new styles of policing and court processing produced large numbers of criminal cases for minor crimes, concentrated in low-income communities of color. In a period of widespread criminal justice contact for minor offenses, how common is jail incarceration for minority men, particularly in poor neighborhoods? We estimate cumulative risks of jail incarceration with an administrative data file that records all jail admissions and discharges in New York City from 2008 to 2017. Although New York has a low jail incarceration rate, we find that 26.8% of Black men and 16.2% of Latino men, in contrast to only 3% of White men, in New York have been jailed by age 38 y. We also find evidence of high rates of repeated incarceration among Black men and high incarceration risks in high-poverty neighborhoods. Despite the jail's great reach in New York, we also find that the incarcerated population declined in the study period, producing a large reduction in the prevalence of jail incarceration for Black and Latino men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.