ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
A moisture-enabled fully printable power source inspired by electric eels.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Resting-Potential-Inspired Solid-State Iontronic Osmotic Power Source Enabled by Polarized MXene.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Moisture-Electric Nanogenerators: From Moisture-Enabled Electrification to Practical Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Harnessing the Power from Ambient Moisture with Hygroscopic Materials.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Probing electrical double layer via triboelectric charge transfer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Iontronic Regulation of Nanoconfined Electrical Double Layers on Dielectric Solids.Small science · 2025Review
- Biomimetic Janus MXene membrane with bidirectional ion permselectivity for enhanced osmotic effects and iontronic logic control.Science advances · 2025Article
- Fully Printable Manufacturing of Miniaturized, Highly Integrated, Flexible Evaporation-Driven Electricity Generator Arrays.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Triboiontronics with temporal control of electrical double layer formation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Consecutive multimaterial printing of biomimetic ionic hydrogel power sources with high flexibility and stretchability.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Green moisture-electric generator based on supramolecular hydrogel with tens of milliamp electricity toward practical applications.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Flexible iontronics based on 2D nanofluidic material.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Low-Dimensional Nanomaterial Systems Formed by IVA Group Elements Allow Energy Conversion Materials to Flourish.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sustainable power generation for at least one month from ambient humidity using unique nanofluidic diode.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to build integrated devices to enable future wearable electronics; however, safe, disposable, and cost-effective power sources still remain a challenge. In this paper, an all-solid-state power source was developed by using graphene materials and can be printed directly on an insulating substrate such as paper. The design of the power source was inspired by electric eels to produce programmable voltage and current by converting the chemical potential energy of the ion gradient to electric energy in the presence of moisture. An ultrahigh voltage of 192 V with 175 cells in series printed on a strip of paper was realized under ambient conditions. For the planar cell, the mathematical fractal design concept was adapted as printed patterns, improving the output power density to 2.5 mW cm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.