SynthesisBMC medicine2021
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of breastfeeding with maternal and child health outcomes: umbrella review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors of neuroblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Prenatal Breastfeeding Education on Breastfeeding Duration Beyond 12 Weeks: A Systematic Review.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2024Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Pooled it
- Early Life Nutrition Factors and Risk of Acute Leukemia in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Role of breastfeeding on maternal and childhood cancers: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Associations between food groups and liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Nutrition journal · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Prevalence of non-communicable diseases and duration of breastfeeding in children under 14 years of age: a nationwide community-based cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Supporting Breastmilk Feeding for Infants in Foster Care: A Scoping Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Pre- and Postnatal Exposures to Residential Pesticides and Survival of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Cancers · 2025Article
- The relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic factors to the risk of neuroblastoma.Pediatric investigation · 2025Review
- Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A microbial symphony: a literature review of the factors that orchestrate the colonization dynamics of the human colonic microbiome during infancy and implications for future health.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding initiation and duration: links to physical, mental and behavioural health in US children aged 3-5 years.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Environmental risk factors of Wilms tumour: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EJC paediatric oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- The association between being breastfed in infancy and risks of cancer in adulthood-a UK Biobank study.BJC reports · 2024Article
- Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature: Part I-Childhood Factors.Cancers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the available evidence on the association of breastfeeding with the risk of childhood cancer.
methodsA literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies published from inception to July 17, 2020. The categorical and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression and stratification analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also carried out.
resultsForty-five articles involving 475,579 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Among the thirty-three studies on the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood leukemia, the pooled risk estimates were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65-0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.63-0.94) for ever versus non/occasional breastfeeding and longest versus shortest breastfeeding duration group, respectively. There was clear indication for non-linear dose-response relationship between breastfeeding duration and the risk of childhood leukemia (P non-linear < 0.001). The most protective effect (OR, 0.66, 95% CI 0.62-0.70) was observed at a breastfeeding duration of 9.6 months. Four studies examined, the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma, and significant inverse associations were consistently observed in both the comparisons of ever breastfeeding versus non/occasional breastfeeding (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.81) and longest versus shortest breastfeeding (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.83). However, no associations of breastfeeding with risk of other cancers were found.
conclusionsOur study supports a protective role of breastfeeding on the risk of childhood leukemia, also suggesting a non-linear dose-response relationship. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.