ReviewJournal of neural engineering2021
A comparison of insertion methods for surgical placement of penetrating neural interfaces.
Review in Journal of neural engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Repeatable, low-drift recordings in behaving nonhuman primates using flexible microelectrodes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Soft Neural Interfaces for Circuit-Level Analysis of Magnetogenetic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap: Integrated High-Density Microelectrode Arrays for Cellular, Organoid, and Clinical Electrophysiology.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multi-Layer Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Replicating Dura and Pia Membrane Dimpling and Rupture Properties During Neural Interface Implantation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Repeatable, low-drift recordings in behaving non-human primates using flexible microelectrodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Intracortical Microstimulation in Brain-Computer Interfaces: Evoking Perception and Plasticity.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Experimental investigation of sharp-tip microwire-based brain electrode buckling during implantation through dura and pia mater.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- A method for efficient, rapid, and minimally invasive implantation of individual non-functional motes with penetrating subcellular-diameter carbon fiber electrodes into rat cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Silk-enabled conformal intraventricular interfaces for minimally invasive neural recordings.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Biological and Mechanical Limitations for Chronic Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Sensor Design.Advanced materials technologies · 2025Article
- Amorphous silicon carbide probe mechanics for insertion in the cerebral cortex of rats, pigs, and macaques.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- An Experimental Study of Incremental Buckling-Resistant Inchworm-Type Insertion of Microwire Neural Electrodes.Journal of manufacturing science and engineering · 2024Article
- Surface-Grafted Biocompatible Polymer Conductors for Stable and Compliant Electrodes for Brain Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Design, Fabrication, and Implantation of Invasive Microelectrode Arrays as in vivo Brain Machine Interfaces: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of manufacturing processes · 2024Article
- Characterization of a conductive hydrogel@Carbon fibers electrode as a novel intraneural interface.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Interface-Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain-Machine Interfacing Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Cracking modes and force dynamics in the insertion of neural probes into hydrogel brain phantom.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many implantable electrode arrays exist for the purpose of stimulating or recording electrical activity in brain, spinal, or peripheral nerve tissue, however most of these devices are constructed from materials that are mechanically rigid. A growing body of evidence suggests that the chronic presence of these rigid probes in the neural tissue causes a significant immune response and glial encapsulation of the probes, which in turn leads to gradual increase in distance between the electrodes and surrounding neurons. In recording electrodes, the consequence is the loss of signal quality and, therefore, the inability to collect electrophysiological recordings long term. In stimulation electrodes, higher current injection is required to achieve a comparable response which can lead to tissue and electrode damage. To minimize the impact of the immune response, flexible neural probes constructed with softer materials have been developed. These flexible probes, however, are often not strong enough to be inserted on their own into the tissue, and instead fail via mechanical buckling of the shank under the force of insertion. Several strategies have been developed to allow the insertion of flexible probes while minimizing tissue damage. It is critical to keep these strategies in mind during probe design in order to ensure successful surgical placement. In this review, existing insertion strategies will be presented and evaluated with respect to surgical difficulty, immune response, ability to reach the target tissue, and overall limitations of the technique. Overall, the majority of these insertion techniques have only been evaluated for the insertion of a single probe and do not quantify the accuracy of probe placement. More work needs to be performed to evaluate and optimize insertion methods for accurate placement of devices and for devices with multiple probes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.