ReviewChemical reviews2021
Soft Materials by Design: Unconventional Polymer Networks Give Extreme Properties.
Review in Chemical reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ultrasound-guided Hydrogel Injection Provides Better Therapeutic Effects After Hand Tendon Surgery Than Intraoperative Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2024Trial
- Designing PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of Threading State on the Mechanics of γ-Cyclodextrin-Pyrene Gels.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- A Superstrong and Ultratough Stretchable Electronic Conductor With Ultradurable Strain-Insensitive Electromechanical Performance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sensor development based on stimuli-responsive materials for biomedical applications.iScience · 2026Review
- Sustainable Polymer Aerogels: Multiscale Design from Biomass and Thermoset Networks to AI-Guided Materials Discovery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Composite Hydrogel With Ultra-High Mechanical Anisotropy and Biotissue-Like Softness by Confining Electrostatic and Entropic Repulsion Between Cofacially Aligned Nanosheets.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Xerotic Skin-Compatible Neuromotor Electrode Interface for Non-Invasive Muscle Weakness Evaluation in Dermatomyositis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Light-assisted 3D bioprinting of tough hydrogels in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Gentamicin-Linked Supramolecular Hybrid Hydrogels: Mechanically Robust Cucurbit[7]Uril-Based Networks for Prolonged Infection Control.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Multi-Responsive PAA/PNIPAM Semi-IPN Hydrogel Properties Controlled by PAA Topology.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- High-Strength, Self-Sensing Multiphase Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Actuation and Logical Human-Machine Interaction.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Dynamic Silk Fibroin Hydrogels for Programmable Bioactuation and Smart Shape Deformation: Mechanisms, Performance Evaluation, and Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Toughening elastomer via sequentially activated multi-pathway energy dissipation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Light-Induced Proton Transfer Tautomeric Frustrated Lewis Pairs on Carbon Nitride.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- A modular hydrogel system with independent control of bioadhesion, fibrosis, and stiffness.Science advances · 2026Article
- Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Enhanced Lubricity of Hyperbranched Polyamide-Amine for Water-Based Drilling Fluids.Polymers · 2026Article
- Synthesis of bundle copolymers as an emergent class of copolymer architecture.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanically adaptive crack-resistant hydrogels based on strain-induced macroscopic phase separation and hierarchical energy dissipation.Nature communications · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical properties including being extremely tough, strong, resilient, adhesive, and fatigue-resistant. These mechanical properties are also critical for hydrogels' diverse applications ranging from drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, and contact lenses to sensors, actuators, electronic devices, optical devices, batteries, water harvesters, and soft robots. Whereas numerous hydrogels have been developed over the last few decades, a set of general principles that can rationally guide the design of hydrogels using different materials and fabrication methods for various applications remain a central need in the field of soft materials. This review is aimed at synergistically reporting: (i) general design principles for hydrogels to achieve extreme mechanical and physical properties, (ii) implementation strategies for the design principles using
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.