ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Altered Peripersonal Space and the Bodily Self in Schizophrenia: A Virtual Reality Study.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- L'espace vécu and Its Perturbations in Schizophrenia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Altered Body-Centric Metrics-Personal and Peripersonal Space.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- I tweet, therefore I am: a systematic review on social media use and disorders of the social brain.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond multisensory peripersonal space: Multiple origins of tactile facilitation induced by approaching stimuli.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Embodied Neuropsychodynamics of the Relational Self Across Space and Time: An Integrative Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Interoception in Felt Presence and Psychosis Risk.Psychopathology · 2026Article
- Felt Presence and Psychosis Risk in the General Population.Psychopathology · 2026Article
- Bodily Self-Disturbances and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Review
- The Effect of Crowds on Peripersonal Space and Interpersonal Distance in Immersive Virtual Environments.International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality : (ISMAR) [proceedings]. IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality · 2025Article
- Brain network evolution in late preterm to term infants: a near-infrared spectroscopy imaging study.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- I fear you're getting too close: neural correlates of personal space violation in paranoia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Advances in the ecological validity of research on social cognition in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the literature.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Your space or mine: Trait anxiety affects the peripersonal space plasticity in a social context.iScience · 2025Article
- Virtual Humans in Virtual Reality Mental Health Research: Systematic Review.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Review
- Sensory and Multisensory Processing Changes and Their Contributions to Autism and Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Altered representation of peripersonal and interpersonal space in psychopathology.Clinical psychology review · 2024Review
- Arousal responses to personal space intrusions in psychotic illness: A virtual reality study.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- Self-other boundary under social threat in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition.Brain structure & function · 2024Review
- Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition.Brain structure & function · 2024Review
- Mindfulness Affects the Boundaries of Bodily Self-Representation: The Effect of Focused-Attention Meditation in Fading the Boundary of Peripersonal Space.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Self-disturbances such as an anomalous perception of one's own body boundary are central to the phenomenology of schizophrenia (SZ), but measuring the spatial parameters of the hypothesized self-other boundary has proved to be challenging. Peripersonal space (PPS) refers to the immediate zone surrounding the body where the self interacts physically with the environment; the space that corresponds to hypothesized self-other boundary. PPS is represented by enhanced multisensory integration and faster reaction time (RT) for objects near the body. Thus, multisensory RT tasks can be used to estimate self-other boundary. We aimed to quantify PPS in SZ using an immersive virtual reality visuotactile RT paradigm. Twenty-four participants with SZ and 24 demographically matched controls (CO) were asked to detect tactile vibration while watching a ball approaching them, thrown by either a machine (nonsocial condition) or an avatar (social condition). Parameters of PPS were estimated from the midpoint of the spatial range where the tactile RT decreased most rapidly (size) and the gradient of the RT change at this midpoint (slope). Overall, PPS was smaller in participants with SZ compared with CO. PPS slope for participants with SZ was shallower than CO in the social but not in nonsocial condition, indicating an increased uncertainty of self-other boundary across an extended zone in SZ. Social condition also increased false alarms for tactile detection in SZ. Clinical symptoms were not clearly associated with PPS parameters. These findings suggest the context-dependent nature of weakened body boundary in SZ and underscore the importance of reconciliating objective and subjective aspects of self-disturbances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.