Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33844008›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021

Smokeless Tobacco Initiation, Use, and Cessation in South Asia: A Qualitative Assessment.

Faraz Siddiqui, Ray Croucher, Fayaz Ahmad, Zarak Ahmed, Roshani Babu, Linda Bauld, Fariza Fieroze, Rumana Huque, Ian Kellar, Anuj Kumar and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Behavior Change Intervention for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Delivered Through Dentists in Dental Settings: A Pragmatic Pilot Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
    Trial
  2. Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of Behavioral Support and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Faraz SiddiquiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
Ray CroucherDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
Fayaz AhmadIPH&SS Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-5909-5508
Zarak AhmedDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Roshani BabuIndian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Linda BauldUsher Institute, Old Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7411-4260
Fariza FierozeARK Foundation, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rumana HuqueARK Foundation, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ian KellarSchool of Psychology, Lifton Place, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
Anuj KumarIndian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8814-3625
Silwa LinaARK Foundation, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Maira MubashirDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Suzanne Tanya NethanIndian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1176-9782
Narjis RizviDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Kamran SiddiqiDepartment of Health Sciences and Hull York Medial School, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1529-7778
Prashant Kumar SinghIndian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Heather ThomsonAdults and Health Directorate, Leeds City Council, Leeds, UK.
Cath JacksonValid Research Ltd, Sandown House, West Yorkshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3181-7091

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSmokeless tobacco (ST) is a significant South Asian public health problem. This paper reports a qualitative study of a sample of South Asian ST users.

methodsInterviews, using a piloted topic guide, with 33 consenting, urban dwelling adult ST users explored their ST initiation, continued use, and cessation attempts. Framework data analysis was used to analyze country specific data before a thematic cross-country synthesis was completed.

resultsParticipants reported long-term ST use and high dependency. All reported strong cessation motivation and multiple failed attempts because of ease of purchasing ST, tobacco dependency, and lack of institutional support.

conclusionsInterventions to support cessation attempts among consumers of South Asian ST products should address the multiple challenges of developing an integrated ST policy, including cessation services. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides detailed understanding of the barriers and drivers to ST initiation, use, and cessation for users in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. It is the first study to directly compare these three countries. The insight was then used to adapt an existing behavioral support intervention for ST cessation for testing in these countries.

Indexed as

Tobacco, SmokelessTobacco Use CessationTobacco Use DisorderAdultHumansPakistanTobacco Use

Identifiers

PMID33844008
PMCPMC8521714

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.