ArticleVirulence2021
Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.
Article in Virulence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycolytic shift during West Nile virus infection provides new therapeutic opportunities.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Pediatric Arboviral Infections in Europe: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Prevention.Viruses · 2026Review
- Interplay between flaviviruses and the interferon response: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Fluorescence-based biosensors for West Nile virus detection.Virulence · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus in a changing climate: epidemiology, pathology, advances in diagnosis and treatment, vaccine designing and control strategies, emerging public health challenges - a comprehensive review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Review
- Metabolic Programming Drives Protective and Inflammatory Monocyte Fates in Viral Encephalitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of liver metabolism during West Nile virus infection unveils novel aspects of disease pathophysiology.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- West Nile virus - a re-emerging global threat: recent advances in vaccines and drug discovery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccine efficacy against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Biosensors for the detection of flaviviruses: A review.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Survey of West Nile virus infection in wildlife species in the Orinoquia region of Colombia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Lipid signatures of West Nile virus infection unveil alterations of sphingolipid metabolism providing novel biomarkers.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- A Case of West Nile Encephalitis: Neuroimaging Findings and Clinico-Radiological Mismatch.Cureus · 2023Article
- The Ongoing Epidemic of West Nile Virus in Greece: The Contribution of Biological Vectors and Reservoirs and the Importance of Climate and Socioeconomic Factors Revisited.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Pharmacological Elevation of Cellular Dihydrosphingomyelin Provides a Novel Antiviral Strategy against West Nile Virus Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus which transmission cycle is maintained between mosquitoes and birds, although it occasionally causes sporadic outbreaks in horses and humans that can result in serious diseases and even death. Since its first isolation in Africa in 1937, WNV had been considered a neglected pathogen until its recent spread throughout Europe and the colonization of America, regions where it continues to cause outbreaks with severe neurological consequences in humans and horses. Although our knowledge about the characteristics and consequences of the virus has increased enormously lately, many questions remain to be resolved. Here, we thoroughly update our knowledge of different aspects of the WNV life cycle: virology and molecular classification, host cell interactions, transmission dynamics, host range, epidemiology and surveillance, immune response, clinical presentations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prophylaxis (antivirals and vaccines), and prevention, and we highlight those aspects that are still unknown and that undoubtedly require further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.