ArticleACS infectious diseases2021
Antibiotic Therapy and the Gut Microbiome: Investigating the Effect of Delivery Route on Gut Pathogens.
Article in ACS infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) 2025 guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs and cats.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Guideline
- Mechanistic Insights into Multiherb Formulations for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies on Microbiome-Host Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of inulin for the prevention of gut pathogen colonization and infection among patients admitted to the intensive care unit for sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Preserving the gut microbiome: hydrogel-forming microneedle delivery of tetracycline reduces gut microbiome disruption compared to oral administration.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Impact of co-amoxiclav versus amoxicillin on the gastrointestinal microbiota in sub-Saharan children hospitalized with pneumonia.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Association Between Antibiotic Therapy and Treatment Effectiveness in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors or Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- The intestinal microbiota impacts nutritional immunity and resistance toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Association between Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent sensor for doxorubicin and chlortetracycline: experimental and DFT insights.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Bioengineered Bacterial Vesicles and Biomimetic Hybrids Eliminate Biofilms and Balance the Gut Microbiome.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Prenatal and intrapartum antibiotic exposure and childhood infections: considerations and complexities.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Herbal and Natural Products for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies Focusing on Molecular Microbiome and Barrier Outcomes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prior antibiotics exposure predicts early and prolonged CD19 CAR T-cell-related hematologic toxicity and prognosis in acute B-cell leukemia.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Article
- Association between antibiotics and treatment efficacy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamics of the canine gut microbiota of a military dog birth cohort.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Addressing the global challenge of bacterial drug resistance: insights, strategies, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Antibiotic-induced collateral damage to the microbiota and associated infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The contribution of the gut microbiome to human health has long been established, with normal gut microbiota conferring protection against invasive pathogens. Antibiotics can disrupt the microbial balance of the gut, resulting in disease and the development of antimicrobial resistance. The effect of antibiotic administration route on gut dysbiosis remains under-studied to date, with conflicting evidence on the differential effects of oral and parenteral delivery. We have profiled the rat gut microbiome following treatment with commonly prescribed antibiotics (amoxicillin and levofloxacin), via either oral or intravenous administration. Fecal pellets were collected over a 13-day period and bacterial populations were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant dysbiosis was observed in all treatment groups, regardless of administration route. More profound dysbiotic effects were observed following amoxicillin treatment than those with levofloxacin, with population richness and diversity significantly reduced, regardless of delivery route. The effect on specific taxonomic groups was assessed, revealing significant disruption following treatment with both antibiotics. Enrichment of a number of groups containing known gut pathogens was observed, in particular, with amoxicillin, such as the family Enterobacteriaceae. Depletion of other commensal groups was also observed. The degree of dysbiosis was significantly reduced toward the end of the sampling period, as bacterial populations began to return to pretreatment composition. Richness and diversity levels appeared to return to pretreatment levels more quickly in intravenous groups, suggesting convenient parenteral delivery systems may have a role to play in reducing longer term gut dysbiosis in the treatment of infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.