ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022
Measuring Cognitive Health in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between proximity to a lead-releasing facility and cognition in diverse cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying lifestyle risk factors that discriminate memory trajectories: Differential findings across racial and ethnic groups in older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Machine learning diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in harmonized older adult cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Recognition Subtests for Form B of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: Preliminary Validation.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Observational
- Ethnic and Sex Differences in the Association Between Organochlorine Exposure and Cognitive Function in Late Life.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Life course financial mobility and later-life memory function and decline by gender, and race and ethnicity: an intersectional analysis of the US KHANDLE and STAR cohort studies.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Exploring Reasons for Differential Vulnerability and Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Racial and Ethnic Minorities.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Accounting for lack of representation in dementia research: Generalizing KHANDLE study findings on the prevalence of cognitive impairment to the California older population.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Assessments of the Value of New Interventions Should Include Health Equity Impact.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Article
- Stroke Belt birth state and late-life cognition in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Medical and Social Determinants of Brain Health and Dementia in a Multicultural Community Cohort of Older Adults.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Evaluation of racial and ethnic heterogeneity in the associations of sleep quality and sleep apnea risk with cognitive function and cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
- Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP): Objectives, study design, and cohort description.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
- Multiracial participants in Alzheimer's research: scoping review and recommendations.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesUnderstanding racial/ethnic disparities in late-life cognitive health is a public health imperative. We used baseline data from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study to examine how age, education, gender, and clinical diagnosis, a proxy for brain health, are associated with cross-sectional measures of cognition in diverse racial/ethnic groups.
methodsComprehensive measures of cognition were obtained using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales and the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery in a sample of 1,695 KHANDLE participants (Asians 24%, Blacks 26%, Latinos 20%, Whites 29%). A 25% random subsample was clinically evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia. Cognitive test scores were regressed on core demographic variables and diagnosis in the combined sample and in multiple group analyses stratified by racial/ethnic group.
resultsRace/ethnicity and education were variably associated with test scores with strongest associations with tests of vocabulary and semantic memory. Older age was associated with poorer performance on all measures, and gender differences varied across cognitive tests. Clinical diagnosis of MCI or dementia was associated with average decrements in test scores that ranged from -0.41 to -0.84 SD, with largest differences on tests of executive function and episodic memory. With few exceptions, associations of demographic variables and clinical diagnosis did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. DISCUSSION: The robust associations of cognitive test results with clinical diagnosis independent of core demographic variables and race/ethnicity support the validity of cognitive tests as indicators for brain health in diverse older adults.
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