ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2021
Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sampling the skin surface chemistry for diagnosis and prognosis.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Progression of Cutaneous Lupus to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Future Integration of Biomarkers for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Into Daily Practice: A Survey Among a Multifaceted Group of Patients and Dermatological Care Providers.Experimental dermatology · 2026Article
- Persistent cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A pathway toward systemic disease?Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Recent developments in the use of biomarkers as diagnostic tools in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a narrative review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- A photodistributed rash in a patient on apixaban.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Where Microneedle Meets Biomarkers: Futuristic Application for Diagnosing and Monitoring Localized External Organ Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Clinical aspects of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Biomarkers Associated with Organ-Specific Involvement in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a connective tissue disease with varying presentations, and clinical sequelae including itching, dyspigmentation, and scarring. CLE can occur as its own entity or in conjunction with systemic disease, known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because CLE is clinically diverse, identification of a biomarker may help not only facilitate early diagnosis and management but also identify individuals at risk for poor prognosis and development of SLE. While potential biomarkers in SLE have been extensively studied, few biomarkers for CLE have been identified and incorporated into clinical practice. Anti-SS-A antibody is a commonly used biomarker for diagnosis of subacute CLE patients. Type I interferon-related proteins such as MxA and guanylate binding protein-1 (GBP-1) and chemokines such as CXCR3, CXCL9, and CXCL10 have been identified as biomarkers that may support diagnosis and track disease activity. First-line oral treatment for CLE currently consists of anti-malarials such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), and quinacrine (QC). Studies have found that an increased myeloid dendritic cell population with higher TNF-α expression may be predictive of poor treatment response to HCQ in CLE patients. Autoantibodies against nuclear antigens (e.g., anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-Smith antibodies) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate have been more commonly found in CLE patients progressing to SLE than those who have not. This review aims to summarize previous and emerging biomarkers for CLE patients.
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Registered trials
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