Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33842390›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021

Direct Detection and Identification of the Most Common Bacteria and Fungi Causing Otitis Externa by a Stepwise Multiplex PCR.

Shima Aboutalebian, Kazem Ahmadikia, Hamed Fakhim, Javaher Chabavizadeh, Ahmadreza Okhovat, Mahnaz Nikaeen, Hossein Mirhendi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Optimizing pathogen detection in skull base osteomyelitis: a comparative analysis of swab versus biopsy sampling.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Lineage-specific endosymbiosis in Mucorales: restriction ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Preadmission systemic antibiotic treatment in necrotizing otitis externa (NOE).European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
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  14. Yeast species in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients; molecular tracking ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. A case of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shima AboutalebianDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Kazem AhmadikiaDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamed FakhimInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Javaher ChabavizadehDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Ahmadreza OkhovatDepartment of Otolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Mahnaz NikaeenDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Hossein MirhendiDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Considering the importance of differential diagnosis of infectious otitis externa (OE), a stepwise PCR-based assay using universal and genus- or species-specific primers for the detection/identification of the most prevalent bacterial and fungal OE was developed and evaluated on the ear aspiration specimens of clinically suspected patients. Methods and Materials: A total of 120 ear aspiration specimens with otomycosis suspicion were subjected to manual DNA extraction using phenol-chloroform extraction after tissue digestion with a lysis buffer. The multiplex PCR was initially performed using pan-fungal and bacterial homemade primers. Results: The overall multiplex PCR-based detection rate of bacterial (n = 88; 73.3%) and fungal (n = 97; 81%) OE was documented to be 100% along with and complete consistency with the results of direct examination and Giemsa staining. Double amplicon bands of bacterial and fungal pathogens were evidenced in 76 specimens (63.3%). Moreover, the positivity rate of pan-fungal PCR was higher than that of the culture result. Out of 88 pan-bacterial positive PCR specimens, 66 and 47 ones were positive for Conclusion: The stepwise multiplex PCR assay proved to be more sensitive, more rapid, as well as less cumbersome in detection and identification of fungal and bacterial OE, compared to culture.

Indexed as

Multiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionOtitis ExternaBacteriaDNA, FungalFungiHumansSensitivity and SpecificityDNA, Fungalbacteriadetection and identificationfungimultiplex PCROtitis externa

Identifiers

PMID33842390
PMCPMC8027314

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.