Trial reportJournal of advanced research2021
Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
Trial report in Journal of advanced research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate on femtosecond laser scanning during small incision lenticule extraction.International ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Aqueous Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Low-Energy vs High-Energy Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Trial
- Tear cytokine dataset in patients with allogeneic stem cell transplant treated with topical cyclosporine.Data in brief · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrated microbiomic and proteomic profiling reveals distinct ocular surface molecular and microbial landscapes in dry eye after SMILE surgery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Neuropathic corneal pain following refractive surgery: risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging and proteomic characteristics.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Role ofBiomolecules · 2025Review
- Randomized controlled trial on corneal denervation, neuroinflammation and ocular surface in corneal lenticule extraction for advanced refractive correction (CLEAR) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Precision in Tear Fluid Biomarker Discovery: Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small-Volume, Individual Samples Using Capillary Tube Collection.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Evaluation of changes in objective visual quality based on tear film stability after SMILE surgery.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- SMILE and ICL implantation on the ocular surface and meibomian glands in patients with postoperative myopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Topical and oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist ameliorates diabetic corneal neuropathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dry Eye Disease: An Update on Changing Perspectives on Causes, Diagnosis, and Management.Cureus · 2024Review
- Applications of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics methodologies in the analysis of ocular biofluid markers: a scoping review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Comparison of early changes in tear film protein profiles after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond LASIK (FS-LASIK) surgery.Clinical proteomics · 2024Article
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differences in change of post-operative antioxidant levels between laser-assisted lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Using machine learning model explanations to identify proteins related to severity of meibomian gland dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The tear proteomics and neuromediators are associated with clinical dry eye parameters following refractive surgery. Purpose: To investigate and compare the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: In this randomized controlled trial with paired-eye design, 70 patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and were examined for protein concentration changes using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The data were analyzed with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for enriched gene ontology terms and over-represented pathways. Tear neuromediators levels were correlated with clinical parameters. Results: Post-SMILE eyes had significantly better Oxford staining scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) than post-LASIK eyes at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Tear substance P and nerve growth factor levels were significantly higher in the LASIK group for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. SMILE and LASIK shared some similar biological responses postoperatively, but there was significant up-regulation in leukocyte migration and wound healing at 1 week, humoral immune response and apoptosis at 1 month, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity at 3 to 6 months, and extracellular structure organization at 1 year in the post-LASIK eyes. Tear mucin-like protein 1 and substance P levels were significantly correlated with TBUT ( Conclusion: Significant differences in the tear neuromediators and proteomics were observed between SMILE and LASIK, even though clinical dry eye signs have subsided and became comparable between 2 procedures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.