ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Immune System, Microbiota, and Microbial Metabolites: The Unresolved Triad in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (2020-2025).Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Butyrylated Starch on Bowel Polyps in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Trial
- Alteration of the Gut-Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Targeting FMO3 suppresses the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer: evidence from bioinformatics to functional experiments.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Integrated Metabolomic and Metagenomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Microbial-Metabolic Signatures in the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence of Colorectal Cancer.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Saccharomycetes and Malassezia fungi associate with early-life gut maturation and allergic disease risk in childhood.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Molecular, Immunological, and Environmental Features for Therapy Response and Resistances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Postbiotics: Novel Modulators of Gut Health, Metabolism, and Their Mechanisms of Action.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota metabolites drive osteosarcoma progression through JUP activation: a multi-omics mendelian randomization study.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis: a novel perspective of traditional Chinese medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid drives intestinal adenoma growth and its value as an early biomarker for intestinal adenoma occurrence.Oncogenesis · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Plant Proteins and Gut Microbiota as Determinants of Intestinal Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals the prognostic role of immune escape in the colorectal cancer microenvironment.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome-driven colorectal cancer via immune, metabolic, neural, and endocrine axes reprogramming.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Gut-Kidney Axis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Identification and validation of butyrate metabolism-related biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis.PeerJ · 2026Article
- The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in preventing oncogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Emerging risk factors and the role of gut microbiota in immunomodulation and therapeutic implications in colorectal cancer.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. As with other cancers, CRC is a multifactorial disease due to the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Most cases are sporadic, but a small proportion is hereditary, estimated at around 5-10%. In both, the tumor interacts with heterogeneous cell populations, such as endothelial, stromal, and immune cells, secreting different signals (cytokines, chemokines or growth factors) to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. There is ample evidence that inflammatory processes have a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in CCR. Different profiles of cell activation of the tumor microenvironment can promote pro or anti-tumor pathways; hence they are studied as a key target for the control of cancer progression. Additionally, the intestinal mucosa is in close contact with a microorganism community, including bacteria, bacteriophages, viruses, archaea, and fungi composing the gut microbiota. Aberrant composition of this microbiota, together with alteration in the diet-derived microbial metabolites content (such as butyrate and polyamines) and environmental compounds has been related to CRC. Some bacteria, such as
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.