ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2021
Simultaneous Measurement of the BOLD Effect and Metabolic Changes in Response to Visual Stimulation Using the MEGA-PRESS Sequence at 3 T.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactate Changes Quantified by fMRS: A Meta-Analysis.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Functional MRS studies of GABA and glutamate/Glx - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Human short-term memory learning based on dynamic glutamate levels and oscillatory activities: concurrent metabolic and electrophysiological studies using event-related functional-MRS and EEG modalities.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- In Vivo Glx Measurements From GABA-Edited HERMES at 3 T Are Not Consistent With Those From Short-TE PRESS Across Scanners, Brain Regions, Diagnostic and Age Groups.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- The Reciprocal Relationship Between Short- and Long-Term Motor Learning and Neurometabolites.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Dynamics of γ-aminobutyric acid concentration in the human brain in response to short visual stimulation.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Simultaneous detection of metabolite concentration changes, water BOLD signal and pH changes during visual stimulation in the human brain at 9.4T.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Does the brain's E:I balance really shape long-range temporal correlations? Lessons learned from 3T MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect that provides the contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been demonstrated to affect the linewidth of spectral peaks as measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and through this, may be used as an indirect measure of cerebral blood flow related to neural activity. By acquiring MR-spectra interleaved with frames without water suppression, it may be possible to image the BOLD effect and associated metabolic changes simultaneously through changes in the linewidth of the unsuppressed water peak. The purpose of this study was to implement this approach with the MEGA-PRESS sequence, widely considered to be the standard sequence for quantitative measurement of GABA at field strengths of 3 T and lower, to observe how changes in both glutamate (measured as Glx) and GABA levels may relate to changes due to the BOLD effect. MR-spectra and fMRI were acquired from the occipital cortex (OCC) of 20 healthy participants whilst undergoing intrascanner visual stimulation in the form of a red and black radial checkerboard, alternating at 8 Hz, in 90 s blocks comprising 30 s of visual stimulation followed by 60 s of rest. Results show very strong agreement between the changes in the linewidth of the unsuppressed water signal and the canonical haemodynamic response function as well as a strong, negative, but not statistically significant, correlation with the Glx signal as measured from the OFF spectra in MEGA-PRESS pairs. Findings from this experiment suggest that the unsuppressed water signal provides a reliable measure of the BOLD effect and that correlations with associated changes in GABA and Glx levels may also be measured. However, discrepancies between metabolite levels as measured from the difference and OFF spectra raise questions regarding the reliability of the respective methods.
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