ArticleJournal of ginseng research2021
Gintonin facilitates brain delivery of donepezil, a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer disease, through lysophosphatidic acid 1/3 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ginseng Nanosizing: The Second Spring of Ginseng Therapeutic Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Role of Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gintonin enhances epithelial barrier function by activating NRF2 pathway in radiation-induced intestinal injury.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Gintonin Stimulates Glucose Uptake in Myocytes: Involvement of Calcium and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Study on the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gintonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Relationship with TRPV1, TRPV4, and NaV1.5.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emerging evidence that ginseng components improve cognition in subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease dementia.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Atypical formations of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids as new materials and their beneficial effects on degenerative diseases.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Active Compounds ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Preparation of Red Ginseng Marc-Derived Gintonin and Its Application as a Skin Nutrient.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- Modulations of bioactive lipids and their receptors in postmortem Alzheimer's disease brains.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effect of the Gintonin-Enriched Fraction on Glucagon-Like-Protein-1 Release.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cognitive improvement effect of gintonin might be associated with blood-brain barrier permeability enhancement: dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI pilot study.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGintonin is a ginseng-derived exogenous G-protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, which exhibits
methodsWe administered gintonin and DPZ alone or coadministered gintonin with DPZ intravenously or orally to rats. Then we collected the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum and determined the DPZ concentration through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.
resultsIntravenous, but not oral, coadministration of gintonin with DPZ increased the CSF concentration of DPZ in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Gintonin-mediated enhancement of brain delivery of DPZ was blocked by Ki16425, a LPA1/3 receptor antagonist. Coadministration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) + gintonin with DPZ similarly increased CSF DPZ concentration. However, gintonin-mediated enhancement of brain delivery of DPZ was blocked by axitinip, a VEGF receptor antagonist. Mannitol, a BBB disrupting agent that increases the BBB permeability, enhanced gintonin-mediated enhancement of brain delivery of DPZ.
conclusionsWe found that intravenous, but not oral, coadministration of gintonin facilitates brain delivery of DPZ from plasma via LPA1/3 and VEGF receptors. Gintonin is a potential candidate as a ginseng-derived novel agent for the brain delivery of DPZ for treatment of patients with AD.
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