ArticleStroke2021
Divergent Functions of Tissue-Resident and Blood-Derived Macrophages in the Hemorrhagic Brain.
Article in Stroke, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoregulatory role of platelet derivatives in the macrophage-mediated immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.Neuron · 2026Article
- Red Blood Cell-Derived Exosomes Deliver Complement C5 to Exacerbate Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Review
- Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility within one month of mouse intracerebral hemorrhage.iScience · 2025Article
- Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain hemorrhages · 2025Article
- Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unveiling the inflammatory messengers after intracerebral hemorrhage: the crosstalk between peripheral NETs and microglia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- Trained immunity induced by high-salt diet impedes stroke recovery.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Characteristics of activation of monocyte-derived macrophages versus microglia after mouse experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Regulators of phagocytosis as pharmacologic targets for stroke treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Research progress of endogenous hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Novel Approach to Visualize Microglia Death and Proliferation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.Stroke · 2022Article
- Cross-Talk and Subset Control of Microglia and Associated Myeloid Cells in Neurological Disorders.Cells · 2022Review
- The Fate of Erythrocytes after Cerebral Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Brain tissue-resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are innate immune cells that contribute to the inflammatory response, phagocytosis of debris, and tissue repair after injury. We have previously reported that both microglia and MDMs transition from proinflammatory to reparative phenotypes over days after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, their individual functional properties in the brain remain largely unknown. Here we characterized the differences between microglia and MDMs and further elucidate their distinct activation states and functional contributions to the pathophysiology and recovery after ICH. Methods: Autologous blood injection was used to model ICH in mice. Longitudinal transcriptomic analyses on isolated microglia and MDMs from mice at days 1, 3, 7 and 10 after ICH and naive controls identified core transcriptional programs that distinguish these cells. Imaging flow cytometry and in vivo phagocytosis assays were used to study phagocytic ability of microglia and MDMs. Antigen presentation was evaluated by ovalbumin-OTII CD4 T-cell proliferation assays with bone marrow–derived macrophages and primary microglia cultures. Results: MDMs had higher phagocytic activity and higher erythrophagocytosis in the ICH brain. Differential gene expression revealed distinct transcriptional signatures in the MDMs and microglia after ICH. MDMs had higher expression of MHCII (major histocompatibility complex class II) genes than microglia at all time points and greater ability to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Conclusions: The different ontogeny of microglia and MDMs lead to divergent responses and functions in the inflamed brain as these 2 cell populations differ in phagocytic functions and antigen-presenting capabilities in the brain after ICH.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.