ArticleApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death2021
The analog of cGAMP, c-di-AMP, activates STING mediated cell death pathway in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells.
Article in Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Demystifying the cGAS-STING pathway: precision regulation in the tumor immune microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- cGAS/STING-Independent Induction of Type I Interferon by Inhibitors of the Histone Methylase KDM5B.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- The cGAS‒STING pathway in cancer immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic implications.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- An insight into the role of innate immune cells in breast tumor microenvironment.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- Article
- Emerging mechanisms and implications of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Review
- Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Control of STING Agonistic/Antagonistic Activity Using Amine-Skeleton-Based c-di-GMP Analogues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cancer immunotherapy strategies that target the cGAS-STING pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of bacterial cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate in the host immune response.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune adaptor protein like STING/MITA regulate innate immune response and plays a critical role in inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and regulation of metastasis including breast cancer. Chromosomal instability in highly metastatic cells releases fragmented chromosomal parts in the cytoplasm, hence the activation of STING via an increased level of cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs) synthesized by cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Cyclic dinucleotides 2' 3'-cGAMP and it's analog can potentially activate STING mediated pathways leading to nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF-3 and transcription of inflammatory genes. The differential modulation of STING pathway via 2' 3'-cGAMP and its analog and its implication in breast tumorigenesis is still not well explored. In the current study, we demonstrated that c-di-AMP can activate type-1 IFN response in ER negative breast cancer cell lines which correlate with STING expression. c-di-AMP binds to STING and activates downstream IFN pathways in STING positive metastatic MDA-MB-231/MX-1 cells. Prolonged treatment of c-di-AMP induces cell death in STING positive metastatic MDA-MB-231/MX-1 cells mediated by IRF-3. c-di-AMP induces IRF-3 translocation to mitochondria and initiates Caspase-9 mediated cell death and inhibits clonogenicity of triple-negative breast cancer cells. This study suggests that c-di-AMP can activate and modulates STING pathway to induce mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells.
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