Trial reportNutrition journal2021
Effects of supplementation with main coffee components including caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid on hepatic, metabolic, and inflammatory indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
Trial report in Nutrition journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Effects of Coffee Consumption on Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Coffee, the Gut Microbiome, and Host Metabolism: Gastrointestinal Fate, Microbial Transformation, Mechanistic Insights, and Prospects for Precision Nutrition.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Chlorogenic acid modulates gut microbiota and metabolites to alleviate intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Insights from 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide Induced Intestinal Acute Inflammatory Injury via Inhibiting Cytokines Production and Activating Intestinal Stem Cells.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutrition and longevity - diet in centenarians.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Chlorogenic Acid as a Neuroprotective Agent: Enhancing Plasticity and Promoting Brain Health and Functional Reserve.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Italian style coffee consumption and metabolically dysfunctional-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a cohort population study in Southern Italy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of caffeine supplementation on lipid profile and handgrip strength in cirrhotic patients: a randomized, placebo- controlled, clinical trial.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Caffeine intake associated with a lower risk of liver fibrosis in different glucose status.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- The Protective Effect of Phenolic Acids on Liver Disease: A Review of Possible Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Food Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Managing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Coffee and Its Major Polyphenols in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association Between Caffeine Intake and Stool Frequency- or Consistency-Defined Constipation: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Article
- Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to improve fatty liver and production performance in laying hens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Targets and Approaches to Manage Inflammation of NAFLD.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is much more frequent and more severe, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. Coffee is a complex beverage with hundreds of compounds whereas caffeine and chlorogenic acid are the most abundant bioactive compounds. The published epidemiological data demonstrating beneficial associations between all categories of coffee exposure and ranges of liver outcomes are rapidly growing; however, the main contributors and cause-effect relationships have not yet been elucidated. To address existing knowledge gaps, we sought to determine the efficacy and safety of 6 months chlorogenic acid and/or caffeine supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes affected by NAFLD.
methodsThis trial was carried out at two Diabetes Centers to assess the effects of supplementation with daily doses of 200 mg chlorogenic acid, 200 mg caffeine, 200 mg chlorogenic acid plus 200 mg caffeine or placebo (starch) in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. The primary endpoint was reduction of hepatic fat and stiffness measured by FibroScan, and changes in serum hepatic enzymes and cytokeratin - 18 (CK-18) levels. Secondary endpoints were improvements in metabolic (including fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HBA1C), C-peptide, insulin and lipid profiles) and inflammatory (including nuclear factor k-B (NF-KB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), high sensitive- C reactive protein(hs-CRP)) parameters from baseline to the end of treatment.
resultsNeither chlorogenic acid nor caffeine was superior to placebo in attenuation of the hepatic fat and stiffness and other hepatic outcomes in patients with diabetes and NAFLD. Except for the lower level of total cholesterol in caffeine group (p = 0.04), and higher level of insulin in chlorogenic acid plus caffeine group (p = 0.01) compared with placebo, there were no significant differences among the treatment groups.
conclusionThese findings do not recommend caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid to treat NAFLD in type 2 diabetes patients.
trial registrationIRCT201707024010N21 . Registered 14 September 2017.
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