Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33838669›Full record

SynthesisArthritis research & therapy2021

Phenotypic alteration of macrophages during osteoarthritis: a systematic review.

Xiaobo Zhu, Chien-Wei Lee, Hongtao Xu, Yu-Fan Wang, Patrick S H Yung, Yangzi Jiang, Oscar K Lee

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. LOXL2 alleviates post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis and pain.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Xiaobo ZhuInstitute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chien-Wei LeeInstitute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hongtao XuDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yu-Fan WangDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Patrick S H YungDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yangzi JiangInstitute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Oscar K LeeInstitute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. oscarlee9203@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-5232-5374
Chinese University of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) has long been regarded as a disease of cartilage degeneration, whereas mounting evidence implies that low-grade inflammation contributes to OA. Among inflammatory cells involved, macrophages play a crucial role and are mediated by the local microenvironment to exhibit different phenotypes and polarization states. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to uncover the phenotypic alterations of macrophages during OA and summarized the potential therapeutic interventions via modulating macrophages.

methodsA systematic review of multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Medline) was performed up to February 29, 2020. Included articles were discussed and evaluated by two independent reviewers. Relevant information was analyzed with a standardized and well-designed template.

resultsA total of 28 studies were included. Results were subcategorized into two sections depending on sources from human tissue/cell-based studies (12 studies) and animal experiments (16 studies). The overall observation indicated that M1 macrophages elevated in both synovium and circulation during OA development, along with lower numbers of M2 macrophages. The detailed alterations of macrophages in both synovium and circulation were listed and analyzed. Furthermore, interventions against OA via regulating macrophages in animal models were highlighted.

conclusionThis study emphasized the importance of the phenotypic alterations of macrophages in OA development. The classical phenotypic subcategory of M1 and M2 macrophages was questionable due to controversial and conflicting results. Therefore, further efforts are needed to categorize macrophages in an exhaustive manner and to use advanced technologies to identify the individual roles of each subtype of macrophages in OA.

Indexed as

OsteoarthritisAnimalsHumansInflammationMacrophagesPhenotypeSynovial MembraneImmunomodulationInnate immunityMacrophageOsteoarthritis

Identifiers

PMID33838669
PMCPMC8035781
OpenAlexW3156759829

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.