ReviewImmunology2021
Age-related changes in ocular mucosal tolerance: Lessons learned from gut and respiratory tract immunity.
Review in Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immunobiology of Dry Eye Disease: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Regulation and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Topical delivery of a human single-domain antibody targeting IL-33 to inhibit mucosal inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 (OAZ2) in human colon adenocarcinoma: a potent prognostic factor associated with immunity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intranasal Immunization of PneumococcalVaccines · 2024Review
- A Novel Murine Model for Lupus-Like Ocular Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 Channels Facilitate Axonal Degeneration of Corneal Sensory Nerves in Dry Eye.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Dry Eye Disease: An Overview of Its Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Prevalence by Age, Sex, and Race.Cureus · 2024Review
- Conditional deletion of CD25 in the corneal epithelium reveals sex differences in barrier disruption.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Effects of Cathepsin S Inhibition in the Age-Related Dry Eye Phenotype.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Corneal nerves and their role in dry eye pathophysiology.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Mucosal immunology of the ocular surface.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Cathepsin S is a novel target for age-related dry eye.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Midterm outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty following allogeneic cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation in patients with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ocular surface is the part of the visual system directly exposed to the environment, and it comprises the cornea, the first refractive tissue layer and its surrounding structures. The ocular surface has evolved to keep the cornea smooth and wet, a prerequisite for proper sight, and also protected. To this aim, the ocular surface is a bona fide mucosal niche with an immune system capable of fighting against dangerous pathogens. However, due to the potential harmful effects of uncontrolled inflammation, the ocular surface has several mechanisms to keep the immune response in check. Specifically, the ocular surface is maintained inflammation-free and functional by a particular form of peripheral tolerance known as mucosal tolerance, markedly different from the immune privilege of intraocular structures. Remarkably, conjunctival tolerance is akin to the oral and respiratory tolerance mechanisms found in the gut and airways, respectively. And also similarly, this form of immunoregulation in the eye is affected by ageing just as it is in the digestive and respiratory tracts. With ageing comes an increased prevalence of immune-based ocular surface disorders, which could be related to an age-related impairment of conjunctival tolerance. The purpose of this review was to summarize the present knowledge of ocular mucosal tolerance and how it is affected by the ageing process in the light of the current literature on mucosal immunoregulation of the gut and airways.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.