ArticleBritish journal of cancer2021
The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05504252 (METIMMOX-2), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
METIMMOX-2: Metastatic pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer - Shaping Anti-Tumor Immunity by Oxaliplatin
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Preoperative Risk Score Including sCD40, Leukocytes, and BMI Predicts Pancreas-Specific Complications After Pancreatic Cancer Surgery.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Soluble Immune Checkpoints as Prognostic Biomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-L1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gene prediction of immune cells association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in cancer risk, outcomes prediction, and therapeutic applications.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Serum immune checkpoint profiling identifies soluble CD40 as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Article
- Soluble biomarkers of HIV-1-related systemic immune activation are associated with high plasma levels of growth factors implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma in adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- CD40 monoclonal antibody and OK432 synergistically promote the activation of dendritic cells in immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Immunocompetent Model of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases Recapitulates Patient-Specific Tumour Microenvironment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn colorectal cancer, the inflamed tumour microenvironment with its angiogenic activities is immune- tolerant and incites progression to liver metastasis. We hypothesised that angiogenic and inflammatory factors in serum samples from patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer could inform on liver metastasis risk.
methodsWe measured 84 angiogenic and inflammatory markers in serum sampled at the time of diagnosis within the population-based cohort of 122 stage I-III patients. In a stepwise manner, the statistically strongest proteins associated with time to development of liver metastasis were analysed in the corresponding serum samples from 273 stage II-III rectal cancer patients in three independent cohorts.
resultsWe identified the soluble form of the costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor cluster of differentiation molecule 40 (sCD40) as a marker of liver metastasis risk across all patient cohorts-the higher the sCD40 level, the shorter time to liver metastasis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, the sCD40 value remained an independent variable associated with progression to liver metastasis along with the local treatment response. Of note, serum sCD40 was not associated with progression to lung metastasis.
conclusionsCirculating sCD40 is a marker of liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer and may be developed for use in clinical practice.
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