ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Cannabis, schizophrenia genetic risk, and psychotic experiences: a cross-sectional study of 109,308 participants from the UK Biobank.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Potential of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Psychosis: Endocannabinoid Regulation of Serotonergic Neurotransmission via Serotonin 5-HT1A/2A Receptors.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Article
- Investigating the polygenic relationship between heavy cannabis use and schizophrenia in the All of Us Research Program.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences in themedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Neuroethics and treatment without consent.CNS spectrums · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Cannabis Use Among US Workers in 15 States, 2016-2020.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Assessing the validity of a self-reported clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Using Task-fMRI to Explore the Relationship Between Lifetime Cannabis Use and Cognitive Control in Individuals With First-Episode Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2024Article
- The Role of Cannabis in the Development of Psychosis.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Assessing the validity of a self-reported clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Schizophrenia polygenic risk score in psychosis proneness.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties and Diagnostic Associations of the Short-Form Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in a Population-Based Sample of 29 021 Adult Men.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- The relationship between cannabis use, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder: a genetically informed study.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations Between Cannabis Use, Polygenic Liability for Schizophrenia, and Cannabis-related Experiences in a Sample of Cannabis Users.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Cannabis Use in Adolescence: Vulnerability to Cognitive and Psychological Effects.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with negative health outcomes in individuals with psychotic experiences? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Japan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cannabis Use in Autism: Reasons for Concern about Risk for Psychosis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabis is known to produce acute, transient psychotic-like experiences. However, it is unclear whether cannabis disproportionately increases the risk of specific types of psychotic experiences and whether genetic predisposition influences the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic experiences. In this cross-sectional study of 109,308 UK Biobank participants, we examined how schizophrenia polygenic risk modulates the association between self-reported cannabis use and four types of self-reported psychotic experiences (auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and delusions of reference). Cohort-wide, we found a strong, dose-dependent relationship between cannabis use and all four types of psychotic experiences, especially persecutory delusions. Cannabis users' psychotic experiences tended to be earlier-onset and cause greater distress than non-users', but were not more likely to lead to help-seeking. Participants with high schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed stronger associations between cannabis use and auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, and delusions of reference, as well as psychotic experiences overall. For instance, cannabis ever-use was associated with 67% greater adjusted odds of delusions of reference among individuals in the top fifth of polygenic risk, but only 7% greater adjusted odds among the bottom fifth. Our results suggest that cannabis use is a predictive risk factor for psychotic experiences, including early-onset and distressing experiences. Individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia may be especially vulnerable to psychotic experiences as a result of using cannabis, supporting a long-postulated hypothesis. This study exemplifies the utility of population-scale biobanks for elucidating gene-by-environment interactions relating substance use to neuropsychiatric outcomes and points to the translational potential of using polygenic risk scores to inform personalized harm reduction interventions.
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