ArticleBMJ open2021
Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among rural women in Ethiopia: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Late request for safe abortion and its determinants among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Trends and Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in Nepal: Evidence from Three Demographic and Health Surveys.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in the Association Between Reproductive Coercion and Postpartum Family Planning.Studies in family planning · 2026Article
- What factors drive unmet need for modern contraception among sexually active adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: a multilevel analysis.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women on Idjwi Island, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial distribution and its associated factors of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in administrative woredas of Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Spatial variations and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among sexually active rural women in Ethiopia using mini EDHS 2019 data: spatial and multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Unmet family planning needs in Malaysia: prevalence, associated factors, and implications for targeted interventions.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring client satisfaction and determinants of family planning services at public health facilities in Debre Tabor town, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-method study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Determinant of unmet need for family planning among adolescent and young women in Kenya: multilevel analysis using recent Kenyan demographic health survey.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity and association between the survey-based Women's Empowerment Index (SWPER) and unmet need for birth spacing in sub-Saharan Africa.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- What are the associated factors of low husbands/partners independent decision-maker in women's contraceptive use decision-making process in Ethiopia? Multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Improving the sexual health of women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of published studies.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution and urban-rural disparity of unmet need for family planning among married/in-union women in Ethiopia: a spatial and decomposition analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- Inequalities in the demand and unmet need for contraception among women in four regions of Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
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- Magnitude of unmet need for family planning and associated factors among women in the extended postpartum period in Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia. evidence from Dabat demographic health surveys.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Contributing factors for urban-rural inequalities in unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married women in Hawella Tulla subcity, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia: community-based study.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among rural women in Ethiopia.
designCross-sectional study.
settingEthiopia.
participantsReproductive age group women. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Unmet need for family planning.
methodsThis study drew data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted from 18 January to 27 June 2016. A total of 8327 rural reproductive-aged (15-49 years) women were included. A two-level multivariable logistic regression model was carried out to identify individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for family planning. Adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI was used to assess the strength of association between independent and dependent variables.
resultsThe overall unmet need for family planning among rural women was 24.08% (95% CI 23.17 to 25.01), of which 14.79% was for spacing and 9.29% for limiting. Number of children (AOR=1.15; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.24) and working status of women (AOR=1.18; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37) were significantly associated with a higher odds of unmet need for family planning. However, women with primary education (AOR=0.87; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94), women married at age 18 or later (AOR=0.82; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96), women from households with high wealth index (AOR=0.77; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.94), women who deem distance to a health facility as not a big problem (AOR=0.85; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.99), women from communities with a high percentage of educated women (AOR=0.73; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.89) and women who live in communities with high media exposure (AOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98) were significantly associated with a lower odds of unmet needs for family planning.
conclusionUnmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in rural Ethiopia was high. Number of children, working status of women, women's education, age at first marriage, household wealth, distance to a health facility, community women's education and community media exposure were significantly associated with unmet needs for family planning. Therefore, to reduce unmet need for family planning, public health policymakers should consider both individual and community-level factors when designing FP programmes and emphasis should be given to high-risk populations.
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