ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021
Age at menarche, age at natural menopause, and risk of rheumatoid arthritis - a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic links between female reproductive milestones and major depressive disorder: evidence from a common genetic factor model.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in multi-omics and aging clock research for female reproductive health and aging.MedScience · 2026Review
- Association Between the Use of Oral Contraceptives and the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association between age at first birth and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: Evidence from NHANES 2011-2020.PloS one · 2025Article
- Menopausal state and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2024Article
- Effects of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Methotrexate and the Risk of Dementia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- The genetic relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of primary ovarian failure from a mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of ovarian aging in women: a review.Journal of ovarian research · 2023Review
- Age at first birth, age at menopause, and risk of ovarian cyst: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Sex-specific exposures and sex-combined outcomes in two-sample Mendelian randomization may mislead the causal inference.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- A Guide for Understanding and Designing Mendelian Randomization Studies in the Musculoskeletal Field.JBMR plus · 2022Review
- Shared Genetics Between Age at Menopause, Early Menopause, POI and Other Traits.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Causal risk and protective factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A genetic update.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHormonal reproductive factors have been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting primarily women. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study examining three relevant exposures, age at menarche (AAM), age at natural menopause (ANM), and age at first birth (AFB) with the risk of RA.
methodsWe collected summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS conducted in AAM (N = 329,345), ANM (N = 69,360), AFB (N = 251,151), and RA (N
resultsWe did not find any evidence in support for a causal association between genetically predicted reproductive factors and risk of RA (OR
conclusionsOur MR study does not convincingly support a casual effect of reproductive factors, as reflected by age at menarche, age at menopause, and age at first birth, on the development of RA. Despite the largely augmented set of instruments we used, these instruments only explained a modest proportion of phenotypic variance of exposures. Our knowledge regarding this topic is still insufficient and future studies with larger sample size should be designed to replicate or dispute our findings.
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