ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2021
A review of flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06624553 (Effect of Monitoring With Freestyle Libre 2 Glucose Sensor on Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Monitoring With Freestyle Libre 2 Glucose Sensor on Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Exploratory Study in Patients Starting Monitoring
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diabetes technology (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of barriers and opportunities for care improvement.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Frequency of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Non-insulin-Treated T2D Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Relationship between acute glucose variability and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Real-Time Flash Glucose Monitoring Had Better Effects on Daily Glycemic Control Compared With Retrospective Flash Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Premix Insulin Therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Management strategies in older adults with diabetes mellitus and polypharmacy; a narrative review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Economic analyses of freestyle libre systems for people living with diabetes: a systematic literature review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Review
- Application of a Flash Glucose Monitoring System for the Evaluation of Blood Flow in Free Flaps.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Impact of mySugrDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Glucose alarms approach with flash glucose monitoring system: a narrative review of clinical benefits.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- The efficacy of intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring in the elderly: A case-control study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Observational
- Assessing glycaemic impact of FreeStyle libre monitoring in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a retrospective real-world analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Intermittent Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Is Preferred: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2025Article
- How to take action beyond ambulatory glucose profile: Latin American expert recommendations on CGM data interpretation.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Flash Glucose Monitoring for Predicting Cardiogenic Shock Occurrence in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pre-hospital glycemia as a biomarker for in-hospital all-cause mortality in diabetic patients - a pilot study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring metrics following sub-Tenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Non-Invasive Wearable Devices for Monitoring Vital Signs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundContinuous glucose monitoring systems are increasingly being adopted as an alternative to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) by persons with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin therapy. MAIN BODY: The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, United Kingdom) consists of a factory-calibrated sensor worn on the back of the arm which measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid every minute and stores the reading automatically every 15 min. Swiping the reader device over the sensor retrieves stored data and displays current interstitial glucose levels, a glucose trend arrow, and a graph of glucose readings over the preceding 8 h. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving insulin therapy, pivotal efficacy data were provided by the 6-month REPLACE randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 6-month extension study. Compared to SMBG, the flash system significantly reduced the time spent in hypoglycemia and frequency of hypoglycemic events, although no significant change was observed in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Subsequent RCTs and real-world chart review studies have since shown that flash glucose monitoring significantly reduces HbA1c from baseline. Real-world studies in both type 1 diabetes or T2D populations also showed that flash glucose monitoring improved glycemic control. Higher (versus lower) scanning frequency was associated with significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and significant improvements in other measures such as time spent in hypoglycemia, time spent in hyperglycemia, and time in range. Additional benefits associated with flash glucose monitoring versus SMBG include reductions in acute diabetes events, all-cause hospitalizations and hospitalized ketoacidosis episodes; improved well-being and decreased disease burden; and greater treatment satisfaction.
conclusionT2D patients who use flash glucose monitoring might expect to achieve significant improvement in HbA1c and glycemic parameters and several associated benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.