SynthesisMalaria journal2021
Quantification of the misidentification of Plasmodium knowlesi as Plasmodium malariae by microscopy: an analysis of 1569 P. knowlesi cases.
Synthesis in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and determinants of zoonotic malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Malaysia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence of malarial chemoprophylaxis among travellers who died from malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Procalcitonin as a Candidate Biomarker for Malarial Infection and Severe Malaria: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?Parasites & vectors · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Plasmodium knowlesi and global changes: socio-ecological drivers and challenges.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Lactate Dehydrogenase fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Updating estimates of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria risk in response to changing land use patterns across Southeast Asia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Review
- Review
- Updating estimates ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Malaria Detection Using Advanced Deep Learning Architecture.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Narrative Review of the Control and Prevention of Knowlesi Malaria.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi detection methods for human infections-Diagnosis and surveillance.Advances in parasitology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium knowlesi is recognized as the fifth Plasmodium species causing malaria in humans. It is morphologically similar to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium malariae, so molecular detection should be used to clearly discriminate between these Plasmodium species. This study aimed to quantify the rate at which P. knowlesi is misidentified as P. malariae by microscopy in endemic and non-endemic areas.
methodsThe protocol of this systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID = CRD42020204770). Studies reporting the misidentification of P. knowlesi as P. malariae by microscopy and confirmation of this by molecular methods in MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus were reviewed. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS). The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the misidentification of P. knowlesi as P. malariae by microscopy were estimated using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis of the study sites was performed to demonstrate any differences in the misidentification rates in different areas. Heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed and quantified using Cochran's Q and I
resultsAmong 375 reviewed studies, 11 studies with a total of 1569 confirmed P. knowlesi cases in humans were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence of the misidentification of P. knowlesi as P. malariae by microscopy was estimated at 57% (95% CI 37-77%, I
conclusionAlthough the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all P. malariae-positive diagnoses made by microscopy in P. knowlesi endemic areas be reported as P. malariae/P. knowlesi malaria, the possibility of microscopists misidentifying P. knowlesi as P. malariae is a diagnostic challenge. The use of molecular techniques in cases with malariae-like Plasmodium with high parasite density as determined by microscopy could help identify human P. knowlesi cases in non-endemic countries.
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