ArticleThyroid research2021
Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in nodules with thy 3 cytology: the role of preoperative ultrasonography and strain elastography.
Article in Thyroid research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of malignancy in thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Interpretable machine learning for presurgical differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma and adenoma: a SHAP-augmented approach.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography alone and in combination with conventional ultrasonography for Bethesda III-IV thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Integrated intraoperative predictive model for malignancy risk assessment of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance cytology.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, the gold standard in assessing thyroid nodules, is limited by its inability to determine the true risk of malignancy in Thy 3 nodules. Most patients with Thy3 cytology undergo surgery to establish a histologic diagnosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of malignancy in Thy3 nodules, to examine the ultrasound (US) characteristics that are associated with a high cancer risk and to assess the role of real-time strain elastography.
methodsRetrospective cohort study of 99 nodules with Thy3 cytology in 99 patients who underwent thyroidectomy over a three-year period. Grayscale US, Doppler and real-time strain elastography data were evaluated.
resultsEighty-one nodules (81.82%) were benign, 18 (18.18%) were malignant, and almost all were papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Univariable analysis revealed irregular margins (p = 0.02), ill-defined borders (p ≤ 0.001), a taller than wide shape (p ≤ 0.001) and the elasticity score (p = 0.02) as significant predictors of malignancy. Multivariable analysis showed that ill-defined borders and the elasticity score were significant and independent factors associated with malignancy. All soft nodules (elasticity scores 1-2) were benign (sensitivity 100%, specificity 33%, NPV 100%, and PPV 23%). There was a higher rate of malignancy in Thy3a nodules than in Thy3f nodules (42.86% versus 11.54%) (p ≤ 0.001).
conclusionsIrregular margins, ill-defined borders, a taller than wide shape and low elasticity were associated with malignancy. Elastography should be performed when evaluating Thy3 nodules.
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