Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33836748›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021

In-vitro Immunomodulatory activity of Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Ethanol: water mixture against HIV associated chronic CD4

Omalla A Olwenyi, Bannet Asingura, Prossy Naluyima, Godwin Upoki Anywar, Justine Nalunga, Mariam Nakabuye, Michael Semwogerere, Bernard Bagaya, Fatim Cham, Allan Tindikahwa and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem TreeFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Omalla A OlwenyiMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda. omalla.olwenyi@unmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-421X
Bannet AsinguraMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Prossy NaluyimaMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Godwin Upoki AnywarDepartment of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Justine NalungaMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Mariam NakabuyeMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Michael SemwogerereMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Bernard BagayaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Fatim ChamMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Allan TindikahwaMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Francis KiweewaMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Eliezer Z LichterDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Anthony T PodanyAntiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, NE, USA.
Courtney V FletcherAntiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, NE, USA.
Siddappa N ByrareddyDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Hannah KibuukaMakerere University, Walter Reed Project, P.O Box 16524, Kampala, Uganda.
Makerere University Walter Reed Project · UGUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center · USMakerere University · UGNebraska Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, herbal therapy continues to be utilized for HIV-1 disease management. However, the therapeutic benefits of these substances remain ambiguous. To date, little is known about the effects of these plant extracts on chronic CD4 + T-cell activation and exhaustion which is partly driven by HIV-1 associated microbial translocation.

methodsEffects of Azadirachta indica, Momordica foetida and Moringa oleifera ethanol: water mixtures on cell viability were evaluated using the Guava PCA system. Then, an in-vitro cell culture model was developed to mimic CD4+ T cell exposures to antigens following HIV-1 microbial translocation. In this, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from HIV negative (n = 13), viral load < 1000 copies per mL (n = 10) and viral load > 1000 copies per mL (n = 6) study participants from rural Uganda were treated with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). Then, the candidate plant extract (A. indica) was added to test the potential to inhibit corresponding CD4+ T cell activation. Following BD Facs Canto II event acquisition, variations in %CD38, %CD69, Human Leukocyte Antigen -DR (HLA-DR), Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3), interferon gamma (IFN γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) CD4 + T cell expression were evaluated.

resultsFollowing exposure to SEB, only A. indica demonstrated a concentration-dependent ability to downregulate the levels of CD4 + T cell activation. At the final concentration of 0.500 μg/mL of A. indica, a significant downregulation of CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ expression was observed in HIV negative (p < 0.0001) and both HIV infected groups (P = 0.0313). This plant extract also significantly lowered SEB induced % CD4+ T cell HLADR, PD-1 and Tim-3 levels. PD-1 and CD69 markers were only significantly downmodulated in only the HIV negative ((p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0078 respectively) and viral load< 1000 copies per ml (p = 0.0078) groups.

conclusionA. indica exhibited the in-vitro immunomodulatory potential to inhibit the continuum of SEB induced CD4+ T-cell activation/ exhaustion without impacting general T-cell specific functions such as cytokine secretion. Additional studies are needed to confirm A. indica as a source of natural products for targeting persistent immune activation and inflammation during ART.

Indexed as

AzadirachtaAdolescentAdultCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Culture TechniquesEthanolFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLymphocyte ActivationMaleMiddle AgedPhytotherapyPlant ExtractsUgandaWaterEthanolPlant ExtractsWaterAzadirachta indica (A. indica) ethanol: water mixtureCD4+ T cell activation/exhaustionImmunomodulationMicrobial translocationStaphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)

Identifiers

PMID33836748
PMCPMC8034071
OpenAlexW3141529836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.