Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33836720›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality in rural Chinese male adults: 15-year follow-up of the Anqing cohort study.

Lijing Ye, Jie Yang, Jingyi Li, Nannan Cheng, Yue Zhang, Xiaofan Lu, Ziyi Zhou, Zhuo Wang, Lishun Liu, Xiao Huang and 11 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Renal Hyperfiltration as a New Mechanism of Smoking-Related Mortality.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Lijing YeState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Jie YangState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Jingyi LiState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Nannan ChengState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Yue ZhangState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Xiaofan LuState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Ziyi ZhouBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Zhuo WangBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Lishun LiuBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Xiao HuangDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Yun SongBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Shibo XingHealth Center of Dongguo Center, Tengzhou, Shandong, China.
Dongqing WangPanjin People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Junnong LiWeinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shanxi, China.
Binyan WangInstitute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Genfu TangSchool of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Xianhui QinNational Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease; The State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research; Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Pierre ZallouaSchool of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
Huisheng ZhangGuangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Fangrong YanState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. f.r.yan@163.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3347-5021
Xiping XuBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
China Pharmaceutical University · CNAnhui Medical University · CNChina Agricultural University · CNNanfang Hospital · CNLebanese American University · LBLiaoning Provincial People's Hospital · CNNanchang University · CNShenzhen University Health Science Center · CNTengzhou Central People's Hospital · CN

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program 2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccording to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, smoking is one of the leading four risk factors contributing to deaths in China. We aimed to evaluate the associations of smoking with all-cause mortality in a Chinese rural population.

methodsMale participants over age 45 (n = 5367) from a large familial aggregation study in rural China, were included in the current analyses. A total of 528 former smokers and 3849 current smokers accounted for 10 and 71.7% of the cohort, respectively. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to evaluate the association between baseline smoking status and mortality, adjusting for pertinent covariates.

resultsThere were 579 recorded deaths during the 15-year follow-up. Current smokers (odds ratio [OR],1.60; 95% CI,1.23-2.08) had higher all-cause mortality risks than nonsmokers. Relative to nonsmokers, current smokers of more than 40 pack-years ([OR],1.85; 95% CI,1.33-2.56) had a higher all-cause mortality risk. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers who started smoking before age 20 ([OR],1.91; 95% CI,1.43-2.54) had a higher all-cause mortality risk, and former smokers in the lower pack-year group who quit after age 41 (median) ([OR],3.19; 95% CI,1.83-5.56) also had a higher risk of death after adjustment. Furthermore, former smokers who were also former drinkers had the highest significant risk of mortality than never smokers or drinkers. (P for interaction = 0.034).

conclusionsThis study provides evidence that current smokers and former smokers have a higher mortality risk than nonsmokers and would benefit from cessation at a younger age.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingAdultChinaCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsRural PopulationYoung AdultChinese rural areaMortalitySmoking status

Identifiers

PMID33836720
PMCPMC8034075
OpenAlexW3145575682

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.