ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021
Risk factors of ankle osteoarthritis in the treatment of critical bone defects using ilizarov technique.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tibial bone transport using external fixation in adults: a systematic review.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Bone defect repair materials after bone tumour resection: from structural substitutes to biofunctionalized synergistic therapy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of distraction length on the morphology of knee cartilage in a rat model of femoral distraction osteogenesis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Semi-Automatic MRI Segmentation for Assessing Cartilage Volume Changes After Ankle Distraction Arthroplasty Using the Ilizarov Frame for Ankle Osteoarthritis.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Pioglitazone-Loaded Cartilage-Targeted Nanomicelles (Pio@C-HA-DOs) for Osteoarthritis Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of complications associated with bifocal bone transport as treatment for either proximal, intermediate or distal femoral defects caused by infection: outcome analysis of 76 patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Development of Nanomaterials to Target Articular Cartilage for Osteoarthritis Therapy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDistraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov external circular fixator has been applied in lower limb reconstructive surgery widely. The increasing ankle osteoarthritis (OA) progression and severity are often associated with the period of external fixator and the greater relative instability of the ankle joint, but few studies have quantified risk factors directly during this technique.
methodsThe study was conducted on 236 patients who underwent bone transport surgery for tibias using the Ilizarov external circular fixator from 2008 to 2018. The cumulative incidence of ankle OA diagnoses in patients after the Ilizarov technique treatment was calculated and stratified by risk factors from preoperative and postoperative management. After the data were significant through the Mann-Whitney U test analyzed, odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to describe factors associated with the OA diagnosis including gender, age, BMI, location of bone defect, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, the history of metal allergy and glucocorticoid intake, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-HF scale scores, defect size (DS), the type of bone transport, the bone union time, external fixator time (EFT), and external fixator index (EFI).
resultsThere were 199 males and 37 females with a mean age of 47 years (range 28-59 years). Out of 236 patients, 49 had an additional treatment for ankle OA after the Ilizarov technique treatment of bone defects (average follow-up time 2.1 years, range 1.6-4.2 years). The incidence of postoperative ankle OA was 20.8 %, with 19 patients classified as K&L grade 3 and seven patients as grade 4. The top five risk factors included double-level bone transport (OR3.79, P = 0.005), EFI > 50days/cm (OR3.17, P = 0.015), age > 45years (OR2.29, P = 0.032), osteoporosis (OR1.58, P < 0.001), BMI > 25 (OR1.34, P < 0.001). Male, BMI > 25, diabetes, osteoporosis, and AOFAS ankle-HF scale scores are the independent risk factors.
conclusionsIlizarov external circular fixator is a safe and effective method of treatment for critical bone defects. The double level bone transport, EFI > 50days/cm, age > 45years, osteoporosis, BMI > 25 are the top five relevant risk factors of ankle OA. The probability of developing ankle OA among patients having three or more risk factors is 50-70 %.
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