Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33836563›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

The evolution of altruism through war is highly sensitive to population structure and to civilian and fighter mortality.

Mark Dyble

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The co-occurrence of ingroup and outgroup prosociality across 121 societies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The nasty neighbor effect in humans.Science advances · 2024
    Article
  4. Fighting force and experience combine to determine contest success in a warlike mammal.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  5. Intergroup conflict: origins, dynamics and consequences across taxa.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  6. Leaders of war: modelling the evolution of conflict among heterogeneous groups.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  7. Evolution of warfare by resource raiding favours polymorphism in belligerence and bravery.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Explaining variation in the kinship composition of mammal groups.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Mark DybleDepartment of Anthropology, University College London, WC1H 0BW London, United Kingdom m.dyble@ucl.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The importance of warfare in the evolution of human social behavior remains highly debated. One hypothesis is that intense warfare between groups favored altruism within groups, a hypothesis given some support by computational modeling and, in particular, the work of Choi and Bowles [J.-K. Choi, S. Bowles,

Indexed as

AltruismArmed ConflictsCultural EvolutionMortalityCooperative BehaviorHumansModels, Psychologicalagent-based modelingaltruismparochial altruismpopulation structurewar

Identifiers

PMID33836563
PMCPMC7980410

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.